Write a minor research paper about the following topics-

Advanced Databases and Applications

1. Privacy Preserving Data Mining

Two parties owning confidential databases wish to run a data mining algorithm on the union of their databases, without revealing any unnecessary information. This problem has many practical and important applications, such as in medical research with confidential patient records.

2. Private Information Retrieval

A private Information Retrieval (PIR) protocol enables a user to retrieve a data item from a database while hiding the identity of the item being retrieved. The main cost-measure of such protocols is the communication complexity of retrieving a single bit of data.

3. Overview of spatial databases and investigation into spatial databases used in commercial Geographic Information Systems

It is believed that as much as 90% of business commerdirk.c.aumuellercial data is geographic data. The importance of handling geographic data is ever increasing. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are information systems that deal with geo-spatial and temporal databases to solve geo-spatial problems. It is well noted that the application of GIS is only limited by the imagination of users. In this small project, you are going to investigate special features of spatial databases and how these are structured within commercial GIS such as ArcView, ArcInfo, and Smallworld etc.

4. Investigation into Data warehouses vs. transactional databases

We witnessed the explosion of data and stored data doubles in every three years. We are drowned by data and we need intelligent ways of structuring data. Traditional databases are not good enough to analyze these dynamically growing and large-scale data to make accurate and prompt decisions. Data warehousing is one of new techniques especially designed for online analysis. Data warehousing provides infrastructure and functions for business managers to systematically analyze their customer data to make strategic decisions. It provides OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) tools to analyze subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant and nonvolatile data.

5. When data mining meets databases

Data mining is one of steps in knowledge discovery in databases. It attempts to discover novel, previously unknown, ultimately understandable patterns from massive databases. This task is going to investigate how data mining can be improved from database techniques or how the database community can benefit from the development of data mining. You may investigate data mining query language, data mining query optimization, data mining system architectures. etc.

6. Clustering in data mining

Clustering partitions a number of data items into homogeneous groups so that it minimizes within group dissimilarities and maximizes between group dissimilarities. It is the most popular data mining techniques in the data mining community. This project is going to investigate various types of clustering in data mining. Note that, clustering techniques has been widely investigated within the statistics and machine learning communities. You need to investigate what makes clustering in data mining community differ from clustering in other communities.

7. Association Rules Mining

Association rules mining is the second widely used techniques in data mining. It searches for interesting relationships among items in a given data set especially in transactional databases. This will investigate what Association rules mining is, application areas, variants, etc.

8. Temporal Databases

A wide range of database applications manage time-varying data. In contrast, existing database technology provides little support for managing such data. The research area of temporal databases aims to change this state of affairs by characterizing the semantics of temporal data and providing expressive and efficient ways to model, store, and query temporal data. It requires the study of fundamental temporal database concepts, surveys state-ofthe-art solutions to challenging aspects of temporal data management, and also offers a look into the future of temporal database research. or, choose a (database-relevant) topic of your interest.