Explain the disadvantages of file oriented approach?

In the oriented approach Applications are designed in isolation. Design of application is optimized for one application. Independently established applications lead to data redundancy. Wasted storage space because of redundancy.

a. There is loss of data integrity since integrity checking is not automated.
b. Difficulty in accessing data.
c. Information is available only in reports.
d. Data Isolation.
e. Inadequate security
f. Limited Flexibility
g. High Maintenance cost.
h. Each data file of an application is a separate entity.