1. Define relation.

2. What is an instance?

3. Define tuple.

4. What is domain?

5. What do you mean by data base scheme?

6. What do you mean by cardinality ratio? 

7. What do you mean by degree of relation?

8. Define the term key.

9. What do you mean by primary key?

10. What is the role of candidate key?

11. What is the function of foreign key?

12. Give the difference between procedural language and non procedural language.

13. What is a query language?

14. What do you mean by union compatibility?

15. Explain the characteristic properties of a relation

16. With example explain the relational database schema.

17. Explain the six fundamental operations of relational algebra. Give example for each.

18. Briefly explain the derived operations of relational algebra. Give example for each.

19. Give brief history of SQL.

20. List out the main parts of SQL structure.

21. Describe the domain types of SQL.

22. Describe the SQL select statement with basic format and with  general format

23. Describe the concept of rename operation.

24. Give short note on string operation of SQL.

25. Describe the null values.

26. What do you mean by set membership

27. Define set comparison.

28. Describe inner join operator.

29. Describe natural join operator

30. Describe left outer join

31. Briefly describe right outer join

32. Describe full outer join

33. Give the syntax of alter table.

34. With syntax explain drop command.

35. Describe the terms create command, drop command, and alter command with syntax.

36. Explain select-where-from clause with examples.

37. Explain the set operations in relational algebra.

38. with example explain aggregate functions in SQL

39. With simple query as example, describe the GROUP BY clause in SQL. With simple query as example, explain the working principle of nested sub query.

40. Explain various types of data base modifications operations

41. With example explain different join types and join conditions.

42. Describe the data base design process.

43. What do you mean by normalization of data?

44. Define data independence.

45. Explain how normalization avoids duplication of data and different types of anomalies.

46. Briefly describe the responsibilities of DBA.

47. Explain in detail the three types of models in database design process.

48. What problems are related to the un normalized relations? Explain with example.

49. What do you mean by un normalized relation? Explain in briefly.

50. With example, explain update anomalies, insert anomalies and delete anomalies.

51. With example explain 1NF and 2NF.

52. How the 3NF and BCNF are different. explain with example 

53. With example explain 4NF and 5NF.

54. Define the term table space and data file with respect to oracle architecture.

55. What is a constraint? Explain the different constraints that can be placed on table’s columns.

56. List out the functions of SMON and PMON.

57. What are the roles of CKPT and ARCH in oracle?

58. Explain the need of Redo log buffer.

59. Mention the different constituents of SGA.

60. Differntiate between Trace files and Alert files.

61. What the responsibilities are of redo log and alert log in oracle database?

62. Explain the oracle data base structure in detail.

63. What are the two different types of memory structures used by oracle database? Explain.

64. Explain the external structure of oracle data base.

65. What is Rollback Segment? Explain its role.

PART - A

1. Relational algebra is a_____________ query language. 

2. A query language is required for the user to _____________with the database. 

3. _____________operation is denoted using. 

4. The three important commands of DDL are _____________and_____________

5. The_____________clause causes the tuples in the result of a query to appear

in sorted order. 

6. A sub-query is a_____________expression that is nested within another query. 

7. Normalization is a technique for reading_____________ 

8. Every non-key column is fully dependent on the _____________key. 

9. Redundant data wastes_____________and creates maintenance problems. 

10. ORACLE database consists of_____________online Redo logs in the simplest

form 

11. Information about statements that are run against the database resides in

_____________memory area. 

12. _____________performs batch writes of changed block to the datafiles. 

13. _____________ are used to define code that is executed/fired when certain

actions or event occur. 

14. Numeric literals can be either_____________or_____________ 

15. When a variable or constant is declared as_____________, it must be assigned

a value. 

16. Variables may be used to store the result of a_____________or____________ 

17. _____________section is the last section of PL/SQL block.

18. Relational database management systems are the result of_____________vision.

19. The use of a_____________to invoke a program at a remote site leads us to

the role of databases on the web. 

20. Java servlets are executed in their own_____________ 

21. _____________data is stored in either raster or vector formats.

PART - B

1. a) Explain additional relational algebra operations with examples. 

b) Explain the SELECT, PROJECT and UNION operation. 

2. a) What are aggregate functions? With an example each, write the various

aggregate functions used in SQL. 

b) Explain different domain types of SQL. 

3. a) What is an unnormalized relation? Give example. 

b) Explain the second normal form, with example. 

4. a) Explain briefly global memory areas used by ORACLE. 

b) Explain the external structures of ORACLE. 

5. a) What PL/SQL can do for programmers ? 

b) Explain various operators of PL/SQL with example. 

6. a) What is remote procedure calls? Explain the steps normally takes place in a

RPC. 

b) Explain how JDBC works? 

7. a) Explain briefly the different types of search tools. 

b) Explain the application server architecture. 

8. a) Explain briefly mobile computing architecture. 

b) Explain GENOME data management.