Assignment

1- Name four criteria for evaluating programming languages and briefly explain each one.

2- What is "Orthogonality" in programming languages? How does it influence a programing language?

3- a) What is Von Neumann Bottleneck?

b) What is the name of the category of programming languages whose structure is dictated by the von Neumann computer architecture?

4- a) What is "Dynamic Scoping"?

b) Consider the following skeletal C program: Given the following calling sequence and assuming that dynamic scoping is used, what variables are visible during execution of the last function called? Include with each visible variable the name of the function in which it was defined. main calls fun2; fun2 calls fun3; fun3 calls fun1. 5- What is the difference between "Key Words" and "Reserve Words" in a programming language?

6- Define "Static Binding" and "Dynamic Binding" in programming languages.

7- What is "Stack-Dynamic" binding of a scalar variable? Give an example.

8- Define the following terms:

- Data Type - Primitive Data Type - User-defined Data Type - Ordinal Type - Subrange Types - Strong Typing 9- Consider the following C program: What is the value of x after the assignment statement in main? Assuming:

a) Operands are evaluated left to right.

b) Operands are evaluated right to left.

c) Define "Short-circuit Evaluation" and "Operator Overloading" in programming languages and give an example. What are their impacts on readability?

10- What is an "Access function"?

11- What do the "operator associativity rules" for expression evaluation define? 12- What are the impacts of "control structure having multiple entries" and "control structure having multiple exits" on programs readability?

13- Can static variables be used in recursive functions? If not, describe why. Use a simple recursive function as an example to explain your answer.