1. Creating an object of a given class is called:
A) declaration.
B) referencing.
C) instantiation.
D) implementation.
E) definition.

2. In Java, an array of integers contains _____, while an array of objects contains _____.
A) values; values
B) values; references
C) references; values
D) references; references

3. Analyze the following Java main program: public static void main(String[] args) { print(sort(create())); } It is an example of _____ programming.
A) imperative
B) procedural
C) functional
D) object-oriented
E) extreme

4. A _____ is a set of values and a collection of operations on those values.
A) data type
B) abstract data type
C) data structure
D) none of the above

5. Dynamic programming means:
A) deriving data types at runtime based on input data.
B) providing overloaded methods to change the implementation based on data types.
C) computing current values based on previous values in a recursion.
D) using recursion to allow an array or linked list to grow or shrink.
E) none of the above.

6. The root level of a tree is designated as:
A) the parent level.
B) the primary level.
C) level 1.
D) level 0
E) level N-1.

7. An array of linked lists would be considered:
A) a compound structure.
B) an abstract data structure.
C) a data type.
D) a and b.
E) a and c.
F) b and c

8. In _____, references are known as pointers and are commonly used.
A) C and Java
B) C but not in Java
C) Java but not in C
D) none of the above

9. Convert the following expression to postfix. ( 5 * ( ( 9 * 8 ) + ( 7 * ( 4 + 6 ) ) ) )
A) *5+*98*7+46
B) 598*746+*+*
C) *5*98+7*46+