Answer the following problems.

problem 1) What are the different reasons for having network standards? Describe.

problem 2) What is layered architecture? What is the requirement for layered architecture?

problem 3) State the different design goals of OSI reference model.

problem 4) What are the different layers present in the OSI Model? Briefly describe each layer.

problem 5) Describe the role and significance of internet layer in TCP/IP model?

problem 6) What do you mean by switches? How they are different from hubs?

problem 7) Distinguish between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching.

problem 8) Describe different routing algorithms.

problem 9) prepare brief note on the following:

(a) UDP

(b) PoP