Q1. Describe the various frames types of HDLC protocol?

Q2. Describe the features of the Stop-and-Wait ARQ?

Q3. Distinguish between:

a) Message switching, Packet switching and the Circuit switching.
b) Transport and Session layers of OSI model.
c) FDM and TDM multiplexing method.

Q4. Four 1-Kbps connections are multiplexed altogether. A unit is of 1 bit. Determine:

a) The duration of 1 bit before multiplexing.
b) The transmission rate of link.
c) Duration of a time slot.
d) Duration of a frame.

Q5. Describe the given CSMA schemes:

a) Non-persistent
b) 1-persistent
c) p-persistent

Q6. Router outside the organization receives a packet with destination address 190.240.7.91. Show how it determines the network address to route the packet.

Q7. A router within the organization receives the similar packet with destination address 190.240.33.91. Show how it determines the sub-network address to route the packet.