problem 1)a)  With neat diagrams compare switched communication techniques with respect to

(i) Performance &

(ii) Charcterstics.

b) Describe with an ex a distance vector routing algorithm.

c) With an ex describe the bit-stuffing method in datalink layer.

problem 2)a) Describe the TCP header format.

b) The receiver of a data communication system which employs CRC scheme with generating polynomial x³ + 1, receives the following message 110101101. Describe the method in steps whether there has been any transmission errors.

c) An 8 inch by 10 inch picture is scanned by a scanner having a resolution of 600x600 pixels per sq. inch. How many bits are produced if the scanner uses 8 bits/ pixel? How many bits are required if each pixel uses 256 colors? How long does it take to transmit by using ISDN B-channel?

problem 3)a) Describe the operation of Selective Repeat ARQ with neat sketches.

b) Describe services offered by ISDN supporting existing voice & non-voice services.

c) Consider a subnet with 1024 routers. If the subnet is partitioned into 32 regions of 32 routers each. If a 3-level hierarchy is chosen with 8 clusters each containing 4 regions. Determine the number of entries at each & every router? Find the optimal number of levels, entries.