problem 1: Sketch the OSI model and in brief describe the function of each layer

problem 2: Give precise definitions for protocol, interface and open concept.

problem 3: Name two standards made by IETF, name two standards made by IEEE.

problem 4: What are the two main causes of packet loss?

problem 5: Sketch the packet format (that is, identify the headers and trailers) for an HTTP GET sent on an Ethernet network. You don’t need to recognize fields within the headers and trailers.

problem 6: What is the main difference between HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1? Describe the difference carefully, not just name it. What is the advantage of this difference?

problem 7: Define and describe SMTP.

problem 8: Consider a link of length 1000 miles with a 1Gb/s data rate connecting a sending and receiving node. Suppose a fixed packet length of 1250 bytes. Suppose that the sender always has packets to send. Finally, suppose that packets are never lost or corrupted.

a) What is the utilization of this link for a stop-and-wait (SAW) protocol?
b) What is the essential window size to accomplish 100% utilization for a sliding window (SW) protocol?

problem 9: Two flavors of the network layer are virtual circuit network and datagram network. describe each. Which one does the Internet use?

problem 10: What are the criteria for a good routing algorithm? Give at least four main criteria.

problem 11: Give a one sentence explanation of Dijkstra’s algorithm.

problem 12: Name a routing protocol which uses Dijkstra’s algorithm.