Consider the following string of ASCII characters that were captured by Wireshark when the browser sent an HTTP GET message (i. e., this is the actual content of an HTTP GET message). The characters < lf> are carriage return and line- feed characters (that is, the italized character string in the text below represents the single carriage-return character that was contained at that point in the HTTP header). Answer the following questions, indicating where in the HTTP GET message below you find the answer.

GET / cs453/ index. html HTTP/ 1.1< cr>< lf> Host: gai a. cs. umass. edu< cr>< lf> a.cs.umass.edu User- Agent: Mozilla/ 5.0 ( Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en- US; rv: 1.7.2) Gec ko/ 20040804 Netscape/ 7.2 ( ax) < cr>< lf> Accept: ex t/ xml, application/ xml, application/ xhtml+ xml, text / html; q= 0.9, text/ plain; q= 0.8, image/ png,*/*; text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*; q= 0.5 < cr>< lf> Accept- Language: en- us, en; q= 0.5< cr>< en-us,en;q=0.5< lf> Accept- Encoding: zip, deflate< cr>< lf> Accept- Charset: zip,deflateAccept-Charset: ISO - 8859- 1, utf- 8; q= -8859-1,utf-8;q= 0.7,*; q= 0.7< cr>< lf> -8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep- Alive: 300< cr> < lf> Connection: keep- alive< cr>< Connection:keep-alive< lf>< cr>< lf>

a. What is the URL of the document requested by the browser?

b. What version of HTTP is the browser running?

c. Does the browser request a non-persistent or a persistent connection?

d. What is the IP address of the host on which the browser is running?

e. What type of browser initiates this message? Why is the browser type needed in an HTTP request message?