1 Identify the DFD elements in the following narrative: A customer purchases a few items from a local grocery store. Jill, a salesclerk, enters the transition in the cash register and takes the customer's money. At closing, Jill gives both the cash and the register tape her manager.

Data Flows: merchandise, payment, cash and register tape

Data Source: customer

Processes: capture sales and payment data and collect payment, give cash and register tape to manager

Storage: sales file (register tape), cash register

2 Do you agree with the following statement: "Any one of the systems documentation procedures, such as DFD, can adequately document a given system"? Explain.

It is usually not sufficient to use just one documentation tool. Every tool documents a uniquely important aspect of a given information system. For example, system flowcharts are employed to understand physical system activities including inputs, outputs, and processing. In contrast, data flow diagrams provide a graphic picture of the logical flow of data within an organization. Each alternative is appropriate for a given aspect of the system. As a result, they work together to fully document the nature and function of the information system.

3 Compare the guidelines for preparing flowcharts and DFDs. What general design principles and limitations are common to both documentation techniques?

Similar design concepts include the following:

- Both methods require an initial understanding of the system before actual documentation begins. This insures that the system is properly represented by the diagram.

- Both measures require the designer to identify the elements of the system and to identify the names and relations associated with the elements.

- Both methods encourage the designer to show only the regular flows of information and not to be concerned with unique situations.

- Both approaches require more than one "pass" through the diagramming or flowcharting process to accurately capture the essence of the system.

The product of both methods is a model documenting the flow of information and/or documents in an information system. Both documentation methods are limited by the nature of the models they employ, as well as by the talents and abilities of the designer to represent reality.

4 Your classmates ask you to explain flowcharting conventions using real-world examples. Draw each of the major flowchart symbols from memory, placing them into one of four categories: input/output, processing, storage, and flow and miscellaneous. For each symbol, suggest several uses.