1. Be able to define the following terms: releasing hormone, inhibiting hornone, trooic hormone, nontropic hormones, neurosecretory cells.

2. What are hormones?

3. What are two specific differences between the endocrine and nervous systems?

4. What are the four different types of cell signaling?

5. What are the three types of hormonal control pathways? Give an example of each.

6. What is local regulator?

7. What type of feedback is a common feature of pathways that control homeostasis?

8. What are the three major classes of molecules that function as hormones? Which are water-souble and which are lipid-souble?

9. Signaling by a hormone involves three key events. What are they?

10. What is the correlation between solubility of a hormone and the location of its receptors?

11. In addition to receptor location, water-soluble and lipid-soluble hormones also exhibit additional differences in their response pathways. What are these differences?

12. What is signal transduction pathway?

13. Why can the same hormone have different effects on different body tissues?

14. Liver cells and the blood vessels of skeletal muscle cells have identical surface receptors for epinephrine, yet the respone of these two cells types is dramatically different. Explain how this is possible.

15. In the "fight or fight response" the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla cause skeletal muscle blood vessels to dilate while simultaneously constricting blood vessels of the intestine. Explain how this is possible.

16. List the three types of local regulators discussed in class and explain their function.