1. Conceptually speaking, order the following structures from smallest to largest: DNA, gene, genome, chromosome, nucleotide.
a. DNA, gene, genome, chromosome, nucleotide
b. genome, DNA, chromosome, nucleotide, gene
c. nucleotide, gene, DNA, chromosome, genome
d. gene, chromosome, nucleotide, genome, DNA
2. Which of the following are living things? DNA, gene, genome, chromosome, cell, nucleotide.
a. DNA, gene, and genome
b. chromosome and DNA
c. cell, chromosome, and genome
d. cell only
3. Which structures are considered the "basic unit of life" and the "basic unit of heredity"?
a. The basic unit of life is the cell, and the basic unit of heredity is the gene.
b. The basic unit of life is the cell, and the basic unit of heredity is the nucleotide.
c. The basic unit of life is the protein, and the basic unit of heredity is the nucleotide.
d. The basic unit of life is DNA, and the basic unit of heredity is the gene.
4. What is a gene?
a. the protein that results after translation is complete
b. a segment of DNA that is three nucleotides long
c. a segment of DNA that carries a unit of information
d. one arm of a single chromosome
5. Genes exist in pairs in cells. Where did each member of a pair of genes originate?
a. one from each parent's gametes
b. the duplication of chromosomes during the S phase
c. crossing over during prophase I
d. the growth during G1 produced each member of the pair
6. What is wrong with this example? A heterozygous pea plant produces yellow seeds and its genotype is Yg, where Y represents the dominant yellow seed allele and g represents the recessive green seed allele.
a. The genotype should be presented as Gg because green is the recessive trait.
b. A heterozygous pea plant with yellow seeds would have the genotype YY or yy.
c. The correct genotype is Yy because yellow is the dominant trait.
d. The genotype Yg would produce green seeds.
7. Use your newfound knowledge of the inheritance of traits and Punnett Squares to predict the chances that a Gg pea plant producing green pods and a gg pea plant producing yellow pods, when crossed with one another, will produce offspring with yellow pods.
a. There is a 0-percent chance of this cross producing yellow pods.
b. There is a 25-percent chance of this cross producing yellow pods.
c. There is a 50-percent chance of this cross producing yellow pods.
d. There is a 100-percent chance of this cross producing yellow pods.
NOTE: Questions 8-13 refer to the offspring of the plant described in question 7.
8. What is the genotype of these offspring?
a. GG
b. Gg
c. gg
d. yellow
9. What is the phenotype of these offspring?
a. gg
b. yellow
c. heterozygous
d. dominant
10. Is this plant heterozygous or homozygous? Why?
a. Heterozygous-the genotype consists of two different alleles.
b. Heterozygous-the genotype consists of two identical alleles.
c. Homozygous-the genotype consists of two different alleles.
d. Homozygous-the genotype consists of two identical alleles.
11. What dominant alleles, if any, does this plant have in its cells?
a. G
b. g
c. none
12. What recessive alleles, if any, does this plant have in its cells?
a. G
b. g
c. none
13. Where are the alleles located in this plant?
a. on the golgi apparatus
b. in the nucleolus
c. on the amino acids
d. in the DNA