1. Use the protein Dynorphin as an example, Discuss the cellular production process for creating and secreting of this protein for use in the body. To include in your discussion think about a) How is a protein created? B) Any post-translational modification of the protein required? If so, where in the cell does this take place? C) Is the protein packaged to be released? If so where?
2.Ed Rivers, a third-year medical student, was alone in the hospital emergency room one night. It was unusually quiet in the ER, so the residents were getting some much-needed sleep. A patient, Ms. B., was brought in showing signs of serious dehydration. Ed tried to give her water but she vomited. Feeling that he must try something else and not wanting to wake the residents, he administered 1 liter (L) of sterile distilled water intravenously (IV).
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The questions that follow are aimed at determining the consequences of Eds action. Assume for simplicity that red blood cells (RBC) contain only solutes to which the RBC membrane is impermeable. The osmolarity of the RBC, the concentration of solute particles, is 300 mOsm/L.
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Predict the direction of change (Increase, Decrease, No Change) you would expect Eds infusion to have produced on and explain the reasoning for your answer
a)(2 points) Ms. Bs plasma osmolarity after the infusion ___________________________.
b)(2 points) Ms. Bs RBC volume after the infusion equilibrates with blood ____________________.
(In both cases be sure to explain your answer).
Ms. B. got much worse after Eds treatment so the head resident was called in. She drew blood from the patient and centrifuged it. The denser RBCs were forced to the bottom of the tube. The supernatant plasma was PINK!
a)(2 points) Why was the patients plasma pink?
b)(2 points) After seeing the supernatant the Head Resident gave the patient glucose. Why would this help?
3. A) (2 points) Several processes are involved in creating the Resting membrane potential. Describe the ion
and concentration FORCES / PROCESSES that are involved in determining the resting membrane potential.
B) (2 points) Chambers A and B are separated by a membrane. Chamber A contains 7.22 M KNO3 and chamber B contains 3.89 M KNO3. If K+ is in equilibrium across the membrane, what is the electrical (potential) difference (Resting membrane potential)? Which side is electrically positive?
4.(4 points) An alien spacecraft has crash landed on Ram Plaza here on campus. One of the space travelers seems to have survived, but with very serious injuries. Before you can treat the traveler you must determine particular cellular facts so that you can administer the appropriate solutions. After taking a cell sample you determine the concentrations listed below. Using the data provided below calculate the resting membrane potential of this set of cells. Is the inside negative or positive relative to the outside?-
Ion Intracellular Extracellular Conductance
Concentration Concentration-
Cl- 4 25 .15
Na+ 100 7 .21
K+ 110 110 .10