Unit 1

1. in a broad and philosophical sense, the term historiography refers to:
   A) philosophical questions about history
   B) philosophical questions about historical methology
   c) characteristics of a body of historical writings
   c) all of the above
   
   It is almost impossible to separate historical facts from current interest and values. Such a contention is most consistent with:
   A) presentism
   B) historicism
   C) the chaos hypothesis
   D) the cyclical hypothesis
   
   The term A Posteriori refers to:
   a) that which is derived from experience.
   b) The study of problem solving.
   c) Self-evident truths known through intuition
   d) the nature of being.
   
   According to the text, the method of____is surely the most common method of assessing truth.
   a) rationalism
   b) authority
   c) empiricism
   d)pragmatism
   
   knowledge, according to empiricism, is based on facts presented through:
   a) observation and experience
   b) intuition
   c) instinct
   d) authority
2. Strong emotions are more likely to be conditioned to_____as a way of knowing. a) Authority b) pragmatism c) empiricism d) rationalism
3. According to kuhn, a scientific view marked by a radical new and more successful organization of the world is : a) normal science b) a paradigm c) A scientific revolution d) all of the above

1. Which of the following has argued for an anarchistic epistemology marked by the belief that there is no such thing as a single unified and unchanging scientific method a) Paul k. Feyerabend b) Thomas kuhn c) Karl popper d) Francis bacon
2. Domingo A impacts domino B and B falls over. According to Aristotle, domino A is the ____cause of the fall of B. a) formal b) efficient c) final d) material  In ancient Egypt, the _____was viewed as the seat of cognitive activity
   a) heart
   b) brain
   c) liver
   d) stomach
3. Anaximander is often remembered as the first : a) recorded evolutionary theorist b) to emphasize the role of homeostasis in mental health c)to elevate the role of mathematics in science d) logician
4. An early rationalist,______detailed his monistic philosophy in a poem thought to be titled "on nature" a) Heraclitus b) Pythagoras c) Parmenides d) Xenophanes
5. Democritus' argued for a strict: a)Determinism. b)pluralism. c)interactive dualism d) idealism
6.  _______is sometimes regarded as the real founder of Greek medicine. He was the first to advance a thorough going naturalistic account of all illness. His account made no reference to demons or to supernatural causes. a) Aesculapius b) alcmaeon c)Hippocrates d) galen which of the following statements would be most consistent with Plato's theory of forms ?
   a) sensory information is necessary to most forms of true knowledge.
   b) There are universal, timeless, and true principles apprehended through reason.
   c) we know about the principles of triangularity  through examining many individual triangles.
   d) In matters of knowledge, reason is not to be trusted.
7. According to the text , which of the following did not contribute to the fall of the roman empire ?  a) a dwindling population b) tensions between roman polytheism and Christianity c) economic burdens resulting from military expansion d larger families
8. the early Christian scholar, Tertullian , emphasized: a) science b) the truth of revelation c) the value of this life d) acceptance of women
9. Galen believed that most mental disorder are the result of : a)demons b)bad choices, or the misuse of free will c)psychological conflicts. d) imbalance in the various humors and qualities
10. taken quite simple, the term pneuma, as used by Galen , refers to: a) the body b) air that is drawn in as we breath and distributed to the various tissues c) blood d)black bile responsible for depression
11. the method for seeking knowledge on which Tertullian centered his worldview was. a) reason b)revelation c)empiricism d) aestheticism
12. all of the following were true of the renaissance period except: a) expansion of geographic boundaries b) tremendous improvement in the social status of woman c) rediscovery of the Greek classics d)Growth of empirical studies
13. the key figure in the initiation of the reformation was a) Leonardo da Vinci b) Michael Servetus c) Martin Luther d) Andreas Vesalius
14. Astronomers challenges of geocentric cosmology helped introduce empirical knowledge into a culture whose primary source of knowledge was: A)Authority B) reason c) SCIENCE D) AESTHETICS
15.  ________FOUND Medieval scholasticism to be limited and brought forward Greek and Roman concerns with the immediate quality of this life a)Leonardo da Vinci b) Francesco Petrarch c) Juan Luis vives D) Julius Caesar  Scaliger
16. the term Renaissance humanism refers to : a) the denial that GOD plays any role at all in the world. b) new interest in human anatomy, human problems, secular music, etc. c) the denial of the existence of GOD D) anosticism

.17)the early Christian scholar, Tertullian , emphasized: a) science b) the truth of revelation c) the value of this life d) acceptance of women

18)Galen believed that most mental disorder are the result of : a)demons b)bad choices, or the misuse of free will c)psychological conflicts. d) imbalance in the various humors and qualities

19)taken quite simple, the term pneuma, as used by Galen , refers to: a) the body b) air that is drawn in as we breath and distributed to the various tissues c) blood d)black bile responsible for depression

20)the method for seeking knowledge on which Tertullian centered his worldview was. a) reason b)revelation c)empiricism d) aestheticism

21)all of the following were true of the renaissance period except: a) expansion of geographic boundaries b) tremendous improvement in the social status of woman c) rediscovery of the Greek classics d)Growth of empirical studies

22)the key figure in the initiation of the reformation was a) Leonardo da Vinci b) Michael Servetus c) Martin Luther d) Andreas Vesalius

23)Astronomers challenges of geocentric cosmology helped introduce empirical knowledge into a culture whose primary source of knowledge was: A)Authority B) reason c) SCIENCE D) AESTHETICS

24) ________FOUND Medieval scholasticism to be limited and brought forward Greek and Roman concerns with the immediate quality of this life a)Leonardo da Vinci b) Francesco Petrarch c) Juan Luis vives D) Julius Caesar  Scaliger

25)the term Renaissance humanism refers to : a) the denial that GOD plays any role at all in the world. b) new interest in human anatomy, human problems, secular music, etc. c) the denial of the existence of GOD D) agnosticism.