problem 1 
Which research problem MUST be tested by a correlational study?
Answer 
A. determining if reinforcement promotes superior learning
B. determining if children with ADHD respond best to a certain medication
C. determining if varying the temperature of a room effects personality
D. determining if parents who frequently hit their children have more aggressive children
problem 2 
"This country has a low median income and life-expectancy." I am describing a(n):
Answer 
A. collectivist society.
B. primitive society.
C. individualistic society.
D. developing nation.
problem 3 
Carlos asks Clarisa, "What is the main function of the placenta?" Clarisa should answer:
Answer 
A. "to remove waste from the mother."
B. "to keep the fetus from sliding out of the uterus."
C. "to provide nutrients to the fetus."
D. "to support the pregnant woman's health."
problem 4 
Match each prenatal stage to the appropriate description: first 2 weeks after fertilization; all major body organs form; final stage last roughly 7 months.
Answer 
A. germinal; fetal; embryonic
B. fetal; germinal; embryonic
C. germinal; embryonic; fetal
D. embryonic; germinal; fetal
problem 5 
Gerard is a genetic counselor. Which statement should he make to a couple who has a child with cystic fibrosis and is considering another pregnancy?
Answer 
A. With your family history, you should definitely terminate this pregnancy.
B. The odds of your next child having the disease are 1 in 2.
C. The odds of your next child having the disease are 1 in 4.
D. Don't worry about your odds. Today cystic fibrosis is easily controlled with medication.
problem 6 
Which force was NOT influential in producing our modern "caring" view of childhood?
Answer 
A. religious leaders' sermons
B. medical advances, which dramatically reduced infant mortality
C. the writings of philosophers, such as Locke and Rousseau, who felt childhood was a special period
D. universal education and the need for children to go to school

problem 7 
The toxic effect of a teratogen is MOST likely to occur during the ________ of development; that is, when a specific system or organ is forming most rapidly.
Answer 
A. sensitive period
B. germinal stage
C. early stage
D. consolidation

problem 8 
According to B. F. Skinner, behaviors that are ________ will be learned.
Answer 
A. stopped
B. observed
C. beneficial
D. reinforced

problem 9 
You might look to attachment theory to best describe which behavior?
Answer 
A. why kids learn to hit a baseball
B. why a third-grader believes that she can do well in math class
C. why people grieve over the death of a spouse
D. why you clean your room after your mother nags you

problem 10 
Choose the correct sequence of events in prenatal brain development.
Answer 
A. neural tube forms; brain cells migrate upward; cells lengthen and form branches
B. brain cells migrate upward; neural tube forms; cells lengthen and form branches
C. cells lengthen and form branches; neural tube forms; brain cells migrate upward
D. brain cells migrate upward; cells lengthen and form branches; neural tube forms
problem 11 
Tom gets an A on his first test in developmental psych and Tara gets a C. A cognitive behaviorist might conclude the following:
Answer 
A. Tara has low math self-efficacy.
B. Tara hasn't been reinforced for learning math.
C. Tom is more genetically gifted in math.
D. Tom has high ego strength.

problem 12 
Pick the ex of an evocative heredity/environment relationship with a child genetically prone to be grumpy.
Answer 
A. a child is genetically prone to be grumpy, so he always hits kids
B. a mother takes special care to be kind to her grumpy child
C. a child shares his biology with his parents, so his parents are grumpy
D. a child is temperamentally grumpy, so everyone starts yelling at him, and he gets even grumpier

problem 13 
The earliest structure to form during the embryonic stage is the:
Answer 
A. fingers.
B. heart.
C. legs.
D. hands.

problem 14 
Pick the person who is definitely a baby boomer.
Answer 

A. Callista, who is about to turn 65
B. Carlos, who just got his Ph.D.
C. Corrine, who became a grandma last year
D. Cami, who is in her late seventies

problem 15 
Bonnie and Clyde just found out they both carry the recessive gene for sickle cell anemia. Maria and Manuel are first time parents in their forties. Who should be MOST worried about having a baby with a genetic or chromosomal problem?
Answer 
A. Maria and Manuel
B. Bonnie and Clyde
C. Both couples are at equally low risk.
D. Both couples are at equally high risk.

problem 16 
With regard to birth, "efface" means to:
Answer 

A. see the top of the baby's head.
B. contract.
C. thin out.
D. open up.

problem 17 
Which research program BEST illustrates the developmental systems perspective?
Answer 

A. A school district hires Piagetian educators to overhaul its curriculum.
B. A geneticist, a psychologist, and a sociologist collaborate to understand the complex causes of school phobia in children.
C. Two therapists work together on a treatment plan for depressed adolescents.
D. Experts in Erikson's psychosocial theory collaborate on a study of the effects of Hurricane Katrina.

problem 18 
If a friend is considering in-vitro fertilization, you can give her all of the following cautions EXCEPT:
Answer 

A. The treatments are very, very expensive.
B. The treatments are emotionally draining.
C. The treatments practically never work.
D. The treatments demand an huge time commitment.

problem 19 
Each major ethnic minority group in the United States is:
Answer 

A. growing dramatically as a fraction of the U.S. population.
B. very similar, having the same values and attitudes.
C. becoming more isolated.
D. composed of people from a variety of countries, with different attitudes and worldviews.

problem 20 
________ is a recessive single-gene disease; while ________ is a sex-linked disorder.
Answer 

A. Huntington's disease; hemophilia
B. Sickle cell anemia; hemophilia
C. Hemophilia; cystic fibrosis
D. Hemophilia; sickle cell anemia

problem 21 
The MAIN quality that differentiates the baby boom cohort is its:
Answer 

A. intelligence.
B. social status.
C. narcissism.
D. size.

problem 22 
Dr. Schatzman is a fan of attachment theory. Pick the statement he would NOT make?
Answer 

A. "The way our parents treat us during infancy determines adult mental health."
B. "The attachment response is biologically programmed to come out when babies start to walk."
C. "We need to have a significant other at every time of life."
D. "It's unhealthy to get too attached to people."

problem 23 
"If I am in my twenties, my life stage is ________. If I am in my sixties, I am ________." (Pick the correct life-stage terms.)
Answer 

A. emerging adulthood; young-old
B. early adulthood; a new senior citizen
C. first adulthood; in early old age
D. middle adulthood; a senior

problem 24 
Pick the ex of a bidirectional relationship.
Answer 

A. Jorge is temperamentally grumpy and unpleasant, so people naturally avoid him.
B. Jorge is temperamentally grumpy and unpleasant, so people respond to him the same as his sister.
C. Jorge is temperamentally grumpy and unpleasant, so people naturally try to cheer him up.
D. Jorge is temperamentally grumpy, so he gets angry at the littlest thing.

problem 25 
What is a main take home message of the book's nature and nurture discussion?
Answer 

A. It doesn't really matter what genes we're born with; it's how we're raised that counts.
B. Our genetic makeup determines how our lives turn out.
C. We are happiest and most likely to thrive in environments that match our inborn abilities and talents.
D. Genes determine our physical appearance, but little else.

problem 26 
Your grandmother was born in 1925. You were born in 1990. If you both took the IQ test at age 7, who would probably get more items correct?
Answer 

A. Your grandmother would get more items correct.
B. You cannot make any predictions.
C. You would get more items correct.
D. You both would get the same number of items right. After all, you are from the same family.

problem 27 
Which newborn has the highest Apgar score?
Answer 

A. Darla, whose heart is beating, but the doctor must give her oxygen to help her breathe
B. Adrian, who is pink all over, and is kicking and crying
C. Brian, whose body is pink, but his hands and feet are dusky blue
D. Chester, who lies limp and quiet on the examining table

problem 28 
Pick the variable reinforcement schedule.
Answer 

A. I love teachers who give mainly A's!
B. Sometimes I get A's when I study and sometimes I don't. So if I happen not to get an A on this test, I know I have to keep studying and eventually I will succeed.
C. If I get an A on this test, this means I'm a genius.
D. If I don't get an A on this text, I will just give up.

problem 29 
Pick the correct sequence.
Answer 

A. fertilization, ovulation, blastocyst, implantation
B. fertilization, ovulation, blastocyst, implantation, zygote
C. ovulation, fertilization, zygote, blastocyst, implantation
D. zygote, ovulation, fertilization, implantation, blastocyst

problem 30 
A sex-linked single-gene disorder is usually transmitted from:
Answer 

A. father to son.
B. mother to son.
C. mother to daughter.
D. father to daughter.

problem 31 
What is the text's main message with regard to "pregnant dads"?
Answer 

A. We need to focus more on the mom's experience, not the father's.
B. We need to focus more on the dad's experience, as pregnancy is a critical life event for men, too.
C. We need to focus on making sure that men are working.
D. We need to stop paying so much attention to men.

problem 32 
Quickening refers to the first:
Answer 

A. signs of labor.
B. time the mother feels the baby's heartbeat.
C. time the mother feels the baby move.
D. time the baby moves.

problem 33 
According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, our:
Answer 

A. family is the only influence on our lives.
B. cohort is the only influence on our lives.
C. lives are shaped by many different influences-friends, family, school system, culture, and so forth.
D. friends are the only influence on our lives.

problem 34 
A pregnant friend thinks, I can't wait for this baby to be born! This feeling is apt to be MOST intense during the:
Answer 

A. embryonic phase.
B. second trimester.
C. first trimester.
D. third trimester.

problem 35 
Which of the following is NOT a current trend in developmental research?
Answer 

A. using several different measures of each concept
B. making cross-cultural comparisons (or conducting studies outside of the United States)
C. conducting more experiments
D. carrying out qualitative research

problem 36 
Pregnancy is typically a(n):
Answer 

A. time of intense anger.
B. time of unusual inner calm.
C. incredibly exciting and frightening time.
D. time of pure happiness.

problem 37 
All are true of the twentieth century life-expectancy revolution EXCEPT it:
Answer 

A. occurred in the first half of the twentieth century.
B. allowed us to live beyond the maximum lifespan.
C. allowed most of us to live to "the aging phase of life."
D. was caused by dramatic medical advances in curing infectious disease.

problem 38 
If Martha goes into labor and gives birth during her twenty-fifth week of pregnancy, you can predict:
Answer 

A. You can't make any predictions at all.
B. the baby will probably not survive.
C. the baby is almost certain to survive.
D. the baby has more than a fifty-fifty chance of surviving (with excellent medical care).

problem 39 
If you are describing the rate of development during the embryonic stage, choose the best phrase.
Answer 

A. medium-paced
B. fast-paced
C. slow-paced
D. sometimes slow- and sometimes fast-paced

problem 40 
If Monica's baby was exposed to a teratogen during the embryonic period, the major problem might be ________; while if she drank heavily throughout her pregnancy, the problem is apt to be ________.
Answer 

A. a developmental disorder; malformation of a major body structure
B. a developmental disorder; a developmental disorder
C. a malformation of a basic body structure; a malformation of a basic body structure
D. malformation of a major body structure; a developmental disorder

problem 41 
Pick the evocative heredity environment relationship.
Answer 

A. Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant so people try to cheer him up and he becomes happier over time
B. Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant because that behavior was evoked by his genes
C. Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant so people avoid him and he becomes more unhappy and unpleasant over time.
D. Jorge is grumpy and unpleasant because that behavior was evoked by his unhappy family life.

problem 42 
What is the MAIN difference between psychoanalytic theory and attachment theory?
Answer 

A. Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes nature (biologically programmed responses), whereas attachment theorists focus only on nurture (early life experiences).

B. Attachment theory does not mention early life experiences, just nature (biologically programmed responses).

C. There are no differences. Both theories believe that human behavior is totally a function of our early experiences.

D. Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes only the role of early experiences (nurture) in development, while attachment theorists believe in both nurture (early experiences) and nature (biologically programmed responses).

problem 43 
Jimmy asks Joanna, "When do the vast majority of our neurons form?" Joanna should answer:
Answer 

A. "in the womb (that is, well before birth)"
B. It's a trick problem-neurons steadily form throughout life.
C. "during childhood"
D. "during the first year of life"

problem 44 
Before the twentieth century:
Answer 

A. women often gave birth at home because hospitals were full of disease.
B. women gave birth using the Lamaze method.
C. only wealthy women could afford hospital births.
D. doctors really understood the female anatomy.

problem 45 
The cervix:
Answer 

A. is a major source of sexual pleasure.

B. allows the ovum to pass into the uterus.

C. is right under the fallopian tube.

D. expands dramatically to allow the baby to emerge during birth.

problem 46 
You hear encouraging statistics about the fraction of women who give up smoking while they are pregnant. You can assume these figures are apt to:
Answer 

A. be completely false-as few women cut down or give up smoking while pregnant.
B. be accurate-as why would these women lie?
C. There's no data that allows us to answer this problem.
D. be a bit misleading (or too optimistic)-as some of these women will probably falsely reported they quit

problem 47 
Income inequality refers to:
Answer 

A. the widening gap between the very rich (1 percent) and the rest of the population.
B. All of the answers are correct.
C. the fact that recent economic gains all went to the upper 10 (or 1 percent of the population).
D. the fact that we are losing our middle class and becoming a nation of very rich and poor.

problem 48 
Choose the correct name for each measurement technique.
(1) watching people directly and coding their behavior
(2) giving a problemnaire to a large group
Answer 

A. (1) self-report, (2) naturalistic observation
B. (1) naturalistic observation, (2) self-report
C. (1) experiment, (2) correlation
D. (1) correlation, (2) experiment

problem 49 
"This structure will ultimately become the brain and spinal cord." I am referring to the:
Answer 

A. plural tube.
B. cepalocaudal tube.
C. frontal lobe.
D. neural tube.

problem 50 
According to the Swedish twin adoption study, ________ is the most heritable ability.
Answer 

A. political affiliation
B. general intelligence
C. sexual orientation
D. mechanical ability