Question: The alarm calls produced by an individual female Belding's ground squirrel result in a 50% reduction in its survivorship (due to increased predation risk). If these ground squirrels normally produce 4 offspring each in their lifetime, how many extra offspring on average must be produced by each squirrel warned of predation by the alarm call for this altruistic behavior to evolve? Assume that all of the squirrels warned are female first cousins of the altruist and that a total of 4 squirrels are warned by the altruist's alarm call.
A.
more than 1 extra offspring per squirrel
B.
more than 2 extra offspring per squirrel
C.
more than 4 extra offspring per squirrel
D.
more than 6 extra offspring per squirrel
E.
more than 8 extra offspring per squirrel
F.
more than 16 extra offspring per squirrel
G.
more than 24 extra offspring per squirrel
H.
more than 32 extra offspring per squirrel