For each of following, explain one genetic and one epigenetic change which could lead to cancer. Select a specific gene and a specific alteration. Explain the effects of the modifications and why it might contribute to the cancer.
Every genetic or epigenetic modifications must be:
a and b. modifications to a gene encoding a protein involved in apoptosis
c and d. modifications to a gene encoding a DNA damage repair protein
e and f. modifications to a gene encoding involved in cell cycle regulation.