Saturated steam (at 20 bar) is used to heat up a toluene stream from 40oC, 1 bar to 150oC, 1 bar in a heat exchanger. The toluene stream is flowing at a rate of 100 kg/min. Steam leaves the heat exchanger as a saturated liquid at 20 bar. Draw a sketch of this system. Make sure you list your assumptions. Find the following:

a) The outlet volumetric flow of toluene from this process in m3/hr.

b) The amount of heat required to heat up the toluene in kW.

c) The mass flow rate of steam that is required to heat up the toluene in kg/hr.

d) The volumetric flowrate of steam at the inlet conditions in m3/hr.

e) What is the approximate maximum temperature you could heat the toluene to with the steam (at 20 bar)? Why?

f) Heat exchangers can be arranged in either counter current mode (where the hot and cold fluids are fed at opposite ends of the heat exchanger) or co-current mode (where the hot and cold fluids are fed at the same inlet as the heat exchanger). Sketch each option and discuss whether you think counter current or co-current is more effective?