INTRODUCTION

The fundamentals and implementation of the digital electronics are important to understanding the design and the working of the consumer/industrial electronics, embedded systems, communications, communications, security, communications and military equipment.

Devices used in the applications such as these are the constantly decreasing in size and employing the more complex technology. It is therefore necessary for the engineers and the students to understand fundamentals, implementation and the application principles of the digital electronics, integrated circuits and devices. This is so that they can use most appropriate and the effective technique to suit their technical need. Digital Electronics includes:

*information on the number systems, digital arithmetic, binary codes, the logic gates and families, and the Boolean algebra;

 *an in-depth look at the de-multiplexers, multiplexers, devices for the arithmetic operations, flip-flops and the elated devices, counters and the registers, and the data conversion circuits;

*Up-to-date coverage of the recent application fields, such as the programmable logic devices, microcontrollers, microprocessors, digital instrumentation and digital troubleshooting.

Digital electronics circuits, represent the signals by discrete bands of the analog levels, rather than by a continuous range. All the levels within a band represent same signal state. Relatively small changes to analog signal levels due to the manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or the parasitic noise do not leave discrete envelope, and as a result are ignored by the signal state sensing circuitry.

In most cases the number of these states is two, and they are represented by the two voltage bands: one near a reference value, and the other a value near supply voltage. These correspond to "false" ("0"), and the "true" ("1"), values of Boolean domain, respectively.

The digital techniques are useful because it is easier to get an electronic device to control into one of a number of known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous range of the values.

IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF DIGTIAL ELECTRONICS

Earlier, Logic circuits were built using the bulky and the unreliable components such as resistors, vacuum tubes and transistors etc. These components existed individually and the circuits built using these components did not perform as expected mainly due to interconnections issues that were common in these circuits.  Development of the integrated circuits played a important role in solving problems of the logic circuits. These integrated circuits facilitated to place the large number of transistors and on a single chip.

Easy to Design: Advent of the integrated circuit technology has made it easier to design the digital circuits. Today, the designer is not required to know basic operation of the various components such as transistors, capacitors etc which involves the complex mathematical calculations. If a designer knows operations of these components he always has a better hand over the other designers.

Reliability: Once a digital circuit is planned, for a given set of inputs circuit always produces same output at any instant of the time unlike analog circuits whose outputs vary with the variation in environment.

Highly Flexible: In digital circuits, with the help of software associated with underlying the digital circuit we can simply change functionality of digital circuit without changing actual circuit. These circuits are generally referred to as programmable digital circuits.

Cheaper: The rapid advancements in the IC (integrated circuit) technology such as existing VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technology has made it possible to create the highly complex digital circuits at the low costs.

ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

1. It require the Boolean algebra which is very easy.

2. There is only 1 And 0 are used so the data error is reduced.

3.  The Circuit of the digital electronics is small so suitable for ic's.

4. It requires the low power.

5. It is highly precise over the high frequency operation upon GHz.

6. Operation is easy.

7. Doesn't effect by the noise rapidly comparison to the analog electronics.

8. Analog signals can be converted to the digital format and stored indefinitely with the pure reproduction.

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