Respiratory System

1. What functions do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems have in common?
2. Compare the structure and functions of the external and internal nose.
3. How does the larynx function in respiration and voice production?
4. What is the bronchial tree? Describe its structure.
5. Where are the lungs located? Distinguish the parietal pleura from the visceral pleura.
6. Where in the lungs does the exchange of O2 and CO2 take place?

7. Compare what happens during quiet ventilation versus labored ventilation.
8. What is the basic difference between a lung volume and a lung capacity?


9. What are the basic differences among pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration?
10. In a person at rest, what is the partial pressure difference that drives diffusion of oxygen into the blood in pulmonary capillaries?

11. What is the relationship between hemoglobin and PO2?
12. What factors cause hemoglobin to unload more oxygen as blood flows through capillaries of metabolically active tissues, such as skeletal muscle during exercise?

13. How does the medullary rhythmicity area function in regulating respiration?
14. How do the cerebral cortex, levels of CO2 and O2, pro- prioceptors, inflation reflex, temperature changes, pain, and irritation of the airways modify respiration?
15. How does exercise affect the inspiratory area?

16. What accounts for the decrease in vital capacity with aging?