problem 1

Which of the following is NOT an empirical problem?

problem 1 options:

Are women more talkative than men?

Is dieting an effective weight loss strategy?

Should we prohibit cell phone use while driving?

Does cognitive psychotherapy help depressed people?


problem 2

The tendency to notice evidence that is consistent with our beliefs and ignore evidence that is inconsistent with
our beliefs is called _____.
problem 2 options:

wishful thinking

confirmation bias

skepticism

common sense


problem 3 

Two important attitudes of scientists are skepticism and _____.

problem 3 options:

emotional neutrality

mathematical ability

tolerance of uncertainty

religious agnosticism


problem 4 
What is an empirically supported treatment?

problem 4 options:

a psychological treatment that has been shown to work by scientific research

a psychological treatment that has not yet been tested

a psychological treatment that should work in theory but that does not work in practice

a psychological treatment that can, in principle, be tested

problem 5 

Researcher A says that people who got allowances as children are more financially responsible as adults
because they had more opportunity to learn how to handle money. Researcher B says that people who got
allowances as children are more financially responsible adults because they are responsible people in general ...
which is why their parents gave the allowances in the first place. Which of the following best describes this state of
affairs?

problem 5 options:

The researchers share the same hypothesis but are proposing different phenomena.

The researchers agree on the phenomenon but disagree about the theory.

The researchers have the same theory but different hypotheses.

The researchers are taking different perspectives on the same theory.

problem 6 

Which of the following is an advantage of narrow theories over broad theories?

problem 6 options:

They are simpler.

They describe more phenomena.

They are less technical.

They make more precise predictions.

problem 7

A theory that describes a behavior primarily in terms of why it happens is which of the following?

problem 7 options:

a mechanistic theory

a typology

a functional theory

a hypothesis

problem 8 

In general, what do researchers conclude when their hypotheses are confirmed?

problem 8 options:

It is time to switch to a new research topic.

They have proven their theory.

Their theory now has more support.

Nothing because a hypothesis cannot ever be confirmed.

problem 9 

When will researchers typically abandon a theory?

problem 9 options:

when it is criticized by other researchers

as soon as a hypothesis based on the theory is disconfirmed

after several hypotheses based on the theory are disconfirmed

after approximately 10 to 15 years

problem 10 

Which of the following is the most common type of sample in psychological research?

problem 10 options:

a convenience sample

random sample

a haphazard sample

a stratified sample


problem 11 

There is a statistical relationship between two variables if which of the following is true?

problem 11 options:

One of the variables has a higher mean than the other.

The average level of one variable differs across levels of the other.

The variables are conceptually similar (e.g., intelligence and common sense).

all of the above

problem 12 

Which of the following could NOT be the independent variable in an experiment?

problem 12 options:

sexual abuse

study strategy

room temperature

mood

problem 13 

Which of the following studies most clearly has the directionality problem?

problem 13 options:

a study on whether or not a person was sexually abused as a child and how paranoid he or she is as an adult

a study on the relationship between losing a limb and one's self-esteem

a study relating college students' study habits to their final exam performance

a study on the correlation between how much negative emotion a person has and how many physical
symptoms he or she has

problem 14 

The most common source of research ideas in psychology is which of the following?

problem 14 options:

previous research

informal observations

government regulations

suggestions from friends

problem 15 

What typically happens to a manuscript during the peer review process for a professional journal?

problem 15 options:

The researcher gets comments on the manuscript from his or her friends before submitting it for publication

The manuscript is posted on the Internet and voted on by a large group of evaluators.

The journal editor sends the manuscript to three experts for their comments before deciding whether to publish it.


The manuscript is published and the journal editor then publishes comments from readers.

problem 16 

Which of the following is the best ex of a construct?

problem 16 options:

depression

number of siblings

height

annual income

problem 17 

A low test-retest correlation would probably not be a concern for a measure of which of the following?

problem 17 options:

mood

intelligence

extroversion

conscientiousness


problem 18 


Which of the following is a common measure of internal consistency?

problem 18 options:

test-retest correlation

split-half correlation

Cohen's d

Cronbach's alpha

Save

problem 19 

Which of the following is generally true of measures created for use in scientific research?

problem 19 options:

They can be used without permission.

They are described in a published article.

They should be properly referenced in any published work.

all of the above

problem 20 

After using any psychological measure, it is always good practice to do which of the following?

problem 20 options:

prepare a thank you note to the creator of the measure

evaluate its reliability and validity based on the new data

publish the results in the Mental Measurements Yearbook

discuss participants' responses with them


problem 21 


APA style writing includes lots of direct quotations.

problem 21 options:

True 
False 

problem 22 

Which of the following references is formatted correctly in APA style?

problem 22 options:

Williams, J. S. (2008). Effects of sleep deprivation on exam performance. Journal of Psychology and Education, 14, 332-335.

Williams, John S. (2008). Effects of sleep deprivation on exam performance. Journal of Psychology and Education, 14, 332-335.

Williams, J. S. (2008). Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Exam Performance. Journal of Psychology and Education, 14, pp. 332-335.

Williams, J. Sherman (2008). Effects of sleep deprivation on exam performance. Journal of Psychology and Education, 14, 332-335.


problem 23 

Which of the following reference citations is formatted correctly in APA style?

Which of the following reference citations is formatted correctly in APA style?
problem 23 options:

Williams studied the effect of sleep deprivation on exam performance (2008). 


Williams (2008) studied the effect of sleep deprivation on exam performance.

Sleep deprivation has a negative effect on exam performance (Williams, J. S., 2008).

Sleep deprivation has a negative effect on exam performance. (Williams, 2008). 


problem 24 

Which of the following is true of poster presentations in psychology? 

problem 24 options:

They are made only by student researchers.

They are becoming less common.

They are a common way for professional researchers to present their research.

They are less effective than oral presentations.

problem 25 

The literature review of an APA style introduction section should do which of the following? 

problem 25 options:

cite and discuss the three most important studies on the current topic

provide an exhaustive list of all research conducted on the current topic

discuss only new research that has been published in the past five years

make an argument for why the current research problem is worth addressing