Questions - Please Answer All 16 Questions Below, Thank You!

Q1. Which of the following is NOT a difference in transcription between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A. Eukaryotes do not operons and therefore do not transcribe genes with similar functions together

B. Control of transcription in eukaryotes is affected by chromatin structure, which is lacking in prokaryotes

C. Bacterial transcription control sequences are generally much closer to the genes being transcribed than those in eukaryotes

D. Specificity and efficiency of transcription are primarily mediated by DNA-binding proteins in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes

Q2. Which level of control of gene expression is defined as determining is a particular gene can give rise to mRNA, and if so, how often?

A. Denaturation-level controls

B.Processing-level controls

C.Translational-level controls

D.Transcriptional-level controls

Q3. What phenomenon greatly expands the diversity of regulatory factors that can be generated from a limited number of polypeptides?

A. Heterodimerization

B. Heterotrimerization

C. Homodimerization

D. Heterohomodimerization

Q4. You are mapping a part of the promoter region of a particular gene. You remove a short sequence of nucleotides. Once the altered DNA is transfected into cells, the cells are able to transcribe the transfected DNA in a normal fashion. What do you conclude?

A.The sequence that was removed is an essential part of the promoter

B.The sequence that was removed is not an essential part of the promoter

C.The deleted sequence has a moderate level of importance in promoting transcription

D.The sequence that was deleted is an important determinant of the ability to transcribe the gene

Q5. What enzymes are responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from histones in the chromatin?

A. Histone acetylases

B. Histone deacetylases

C. Metylacetyltransferases

D. Histone acetyltransferases

Q6. Which of the following accurately describes the status of lac operon regulation when E. coli cells shift from using glucose to lactose as their carbon source?

A. The lac repressor is active and the CAP protein is active, so the operon is transcribed

B. The lac repressor is inactive and the CAP protein is active, so the operon is transcribed

C.The lac repressor is inactive and the CAP protein is inactive, so the operon is transcribed

D. The lac repressor is active and the CAP protein is inactive, so the operon is transcribed

Q7. Which of the following does NOT correctly match an RNA type to its function?

A. snRNA - mRNA capping and polyadenylation

B. siRNA - mRNA regulation by degradation

C. miRNA - mRNA regulation by translation inhibition

D. snoRNA - rRNA processing and maturation

Q8. You obtain the sequence of a gene containing 10 exons, 9 introns, and a 3' UTR containing a polyadenylation consensus sequence. The fifth intron also contains a polyadenylation site. To test whether both polyadenylation sites are used, you isolate mRNA and find a longer transcript from muscle tissue and a shorter transcript from all other tissues. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism underlying these alternative transcripts?

A. The mRNA in muscle cells is edited to eliminate the polyadenylation sequence in exon 5

B. Muscle cells have less effective polyadenylation than other tissues

C. An alternative CPSF protein is expressed in muscle cells with lower affinity for the polyadenylation sequence in exon 5.

D.The fifth exon is spliced out of the mature mRNA transcript in muscle cells

Q9. Which of the following RNA types primarily localize to and function in the nucleus? (Check all that apply)

1. snoRNA

2. miRNA

3. tRNA

4. mRNA

5. hnRNA

Q10. Fill in the blanks using the word bank below.

Processing of rRNA occurs in the ______ and requires the action of a group of RNAs known as ______ as well as proteins including ______.

Word Bank:

tRNA

nucleus

snRNAs

splicing factors

nucleolus

snoRNAs

deadenylases

exonucleases

kinases

Q11. mRNA localization is a phenomenon specific to large polarized cells such as mammalian neurons.

True

False

Q12. The length and sequence of introns dictate the efficiency of the splicing reaction.

True

False

Q13. Splicing is dictated by sequence features in pre-mRNA transcripts.

True

False

Q14. All of the following elements can function as eukaryotic promoters, except:

A. A TATA box

B. An enhancer

C. CpG islands

D. An initiator element

Q15. Match the following classes of RNA (i.-vi.) with the RNA polymerase (A,B, or C) that transcribes them.

i. mRNA

ii. snRNA

iii. siRNA

iv. miRNA

v. tRNA

vi. 18S rRNA

A. RNA polymerase III

B. RNA polymerase II

C. RNA polymerase I

Q16.Which of the following mRNA processing factors associates with the CTD of RNA polymerase II?

A. Capping proteins

B. siRNA

C.Splicing factors

D. Polyadenylation factors