Question

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.

P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.

S waves travel through solids, but only P waves travel through liquids.

P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

Question

1. Most divergent plate boundaries are situated along the crests of what?

Convergent rifts

Trenches

Subduction zones

Oceanic ridges

Question

1. Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?

Gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon

Electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core

The upward movement of hot buoyant mantle and the downward pull of cold oceanic lithosphere

Swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core
 
Question

1. You are dropped off by helicopter at a site on the land. You are told that it is a plate boundary. Almost immediately, you feel a weak earthquake. You look around and note the absence of volcanoes, but you notice an offset stream channel, and find a vertical fault with two kinds of rock on either side of it. What sort of plate boundary are you most likely on?

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

Plate interior (hot spot)

Question

1. Match the term with the definition

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

Volcanic island arc

Partial melting

Convection

A. Boundary where two plates move away from one another

B. Rising of warm material due to lower density

C. Boundary where two plates move towards one another

D. The downward movement of sediments and oceanic crust at subduction zones, which generates molten material

E. The "weak layer" within the mantle. Motion here is thought to help drive plate tectonics

F. The growth of volcanoes from the ocean floor due to oceanic-oceanic convergence

G. Boundary where two plates slide past one another

H. The subduction of denser lithosphere beneath more buoyant continental crust

I. The crust and the stiff upper mantle combined; this is broken into plates

Question

1. Match the term with the definition

Deformation

Fault scarp

Fault

Hypocenter

Epicenter

Anticline

Syncline

Dome

A. Changes in rock shape due to stresses that exceed the strength of the rock

B. The spot on Earth's surface directly above a fault where movement takes place during an earthquake

C. Long, low cliffs produced at Earth's surface where a fault's vertical offset is exposed

D. The folding of rock due to overlying pressure

E. A broad upwarped feature that is roughly circular or oval-shaped when viewed from above

F. The fracture along which blocks of rock move relative to each other

G. The spot along a fault where movement takes place during an earthquake

H. A fold that is highest in the middle

I. A fold that is lowest in the middle

Question

1. Put the breakup of Pangaea in order, from oldest to most recent.

Baja, California separates from Mexico

Pangea intact

India collides with Eurasia to form the Himalayas

The separation of North America and Africa

Southeast Asia joins with Eurasia

The separation of Africa, India, and Antarctica

Question

1. What is a hot spot? Explain how this forms a volcanic island chain such as that of the Hawaiian Islands.

Question

1. Briefly describe what happens at a subduction zone

Question

1. Explain how an accretionary wedge forms

Question

1. What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? What additional evidence was added later (post-World War II) as oceanographers began to explore the ocean floor? How do these two ideas unite to form the theory of plate tectonics?

Your response should be at least 200 words in length.