Question1. Which organ is responsible for the release of sodium bicarbonate, a chemical needed to neutralize stomach acid?
a. The stomach
b. The Duodenum
c. The Liver
d. The Gallbladder
e. The Pancreas
Question 2. Which of the following is known as an accessory organ in the digestive process?
a. The Heart
b. The Duodenum
c. The Kidney
d. The Gallbladder
e. The Lungs
Question 3. What happens mostly in the large intestine (colon)?
a. Vitamins and minerals are absorbed
b. Water is absorbed
c. Amino acids are absorbed
d. Glucose is absorbed
e. Fiber is absorbed.
Question 4. What is true about fat absorption?
a. It occurs in the ascending colon.
b. It is aided by emulsification with bile.
c. It is released into the blood stream as VLDL.
d. It requires amylase action on the glycerol backbone.
e. All of the above
Question 5. Which type of absorption mechanism requires a selective protein carrier and ATP energy?
a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Passive diffusion
c. Active transport
d. Passive transport
e. Nutrient activity
Question 6. What happens first, protein denaturation or protein digestion?
a. Protein denaturation
b. Protein digestion
Question 7. What is the correct process of protein synthesis?
a. DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is translated to Protein.
b. mRNA is transcribed to DNA which is translated to Protein
c. Protein is transcribed to mRNA which is translated to DNA
d. Protein is transcribed to DNA which is translated to mRNA
e. DNA is transcribed to Protein which is translated to mRNA.
Question 8. High protein diets can deplete the body of:
a. Water
b. Calcium
c. Vitamin B6
d. All of the above.
Question 9. Lactase persistence is tied to human biocultural evolution.
True
False
Question 10. Protein need is based on body:
a. Weight
b. Height
c. Caloric need
d. CHO adequacy
e. Nutrient density
Question 11. Kwashiorkor is best described as:
a. Fibrous proteins
b. High biological value protein sources
c. Complementary protein sources
d. Lack of protein and energy in the diet
e. Lack of protein in the diet
Question 12. _________ decreases transit time.
a. Glucose
b. Insoluble Fiber
c. Antibodies
d. Allergen (Antigen)
e. Hyperhomocystemia
Question 13. Proteins can be of two basic types:
a. DNA and RNA
b. Antibodies and Antigens
c. Enzymes and Hormones
d. Simple and Complex
e. Fibrous and Globular
Question 14. Which of the following is a protein component in food causing allergy?
a. Glucose
b. Insoluble Fiber
c. Antibodies
d. Allergen (Antigen)
e. Hyperhomocystemia
Question 15. _________ are proteins produced by immune cells.
a. Glucose
b. Insoluble Fiber
c. Antibodies
d. Allergen (Antigen)
e. Hyperhomocystemia
Question 16. _________ is a risk factor for heart disease.
a. Glucose
b. Insoluble Fiber
c. Antibodies
d. Allergen (Antigen)
e. Hyperhomocystemia
Question 17. Which of the following statements is true regarding metabolism?
a. Homeostasis involves a balance of anabolic and catabolic reactions.
b. Homeostasis causes weight gain.
c. Catabolic reactions involve condensation reactions.
d. Anabolic reactions cause tissue degradation.
e. Enzymatic digestion of proteins to amino acids involves anabolic reactions.
Question 18. _________ increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.
a. Triglycerides
b. Antioxidants
c. Elevated intakes of saturated fatty acids
d. Aerobic physical activities
e. Omega-3 fatty acids
Question 19. _________ prevents oxidation reactions.
a. Triglycerides
b. Antioxidants
c. Elevated intakes of saturated fat
d. Aerobic physical activities
e. Omega-3 fatty acids
Question 20. _________ increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
a. Triglycerides and folic acid
b. Antioxidants like vitamin E and C
c. Elevated intakes of saturated fat
d. Aerobic physical activities and Omega-3 fatty acids
Question 21. _________ has anti-inflammatory effects in the body.
a. Triglycerides
b. Antioxidants
c. Elevated intakes of saturated fat
d. Aerobic physical activities
e. Omega-3 fatty acids
Question 22. Cancer is:
a. A natural selection advantage
b. Prevented by frequent and regular alcohol consumption.
c. Not caused by unhealthy diet and lifestyle factors.
d. Promoted by phytochemicals.
e. A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
Question 23. _________ can bind to fat, cholesterol, and bile in the gastrointestinal tract.
a. Bile
b. Protein
c. Glucose
d. Soluble fiber
e. Insulin
Question 24. Which lipoprotein contains the most cholesterol?
a. Chylomicron
b. VLDL
c. LDL
d. IDL
e. HDL
Question 25. Hypoglycemia is:
a. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes.
b. Characterized by low blood sugar.
c. A leading cause of atherosclerosis.
d. The reason for lactose intolerance.
e. An enzyme that catabolizes starch.
Question 26. Most vitamin and minerals are absorbed in the ______________.
a. Colon
b. Kidney
c. Stomach
d. Small intestine
e. Liver
Question 27. Which of the following is largely produced by plants during photosynthesis?
a. Fats
b. Carbohydrate
c. Proteins
d. Water
e. Light
Question 28. In whole grain processing, the amount of _________ is/are decreased.
a. Fiber
b. Vitamins
c. Minerals
d. Fiber, vitamin and mineral content are all reduced by whole grain processing.
Question 29. Which of the following provides the best food source of fiber?
a. Carrots
b. Soybean oil
c. Tuna
d. White rice
e. Whole Milk
Question 30. The central nervous system prefers _____________ for energy to function optimally.
a. Fatty acids
b. Ketone bodies
c. Protein
d. Glucose
e. Amino acids
Question 31. Omega-3 fatty acids may help to protect against:
a. Diverticulosis
b. Osteoporosis
c. Type I Diabetes
d. Kidney Failure
e. Heart Disease
Question 32. The special proteins that drive chemical reactions are:
a. Enzymes
b. Antibodies
c. Collagen
d. Hormones
e. DNA
Question 33. Which of the following foods is an example of a wholesome but low quality protein source?
a. Vegetable oil
b. Beans
c. Cheese
d. Banana
e. Eggs
Question 34. A person who has gastrointestinal distress after drinking milk most likely:
a. Is missing the enzyme lactase.
b. Has type 2 diabetes.
c. Produces lipoproteins against the milk.
d. Is experiencing autoimmunity.
e. Is having a hydrogenation reaction.
Question 35. Which of the following statements is true about lipoproteins?
a. HDL removes cholesterol from the bloodstream
b. High HDL values increase atherosclerosis.
c. Diet has no influence HDL levels
d. Diets high in saturated fat are protective against heart disease.
e. Elevated LDL cholesterol in the blood is protective against heart disease.
Question 36. Trans fatty acids:
a. Contain a single double bond
b. Reduce heart disease risk.
c. May be found in processed foods
d. Are abundant in most fruits
e. All of the above
Question 37. Which of the following statements is true about fiber?
a. Fiber is found in plant and animal foods.
b. Fiber increases caloric density of the diet.
c. Fiber hardens stool.
d. Fiber binds some vitamins and minerals.
e. Insoluble fiber dissolves in water.
Question 38. Soluble fibers include:
a. Pectin, lignin, mucilage.
b. Pectin, gum, mucilage.
c. Pectin, lignin, gel.
d. Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin.
e. Cellulose, hemicellulose, agar.
Question 39. Which of the following statements is true about enzymes?
a. Enzymes require essential fatty acids as coenzymes.
b. Enzymes can require vitamin or mineral cofactors for their function.
c. Enzymes are chemicals secreted from endocrine glands into the blood.
d. Enzymes are carbohydrate based substances.
e. All of the above
Question 40. Type 1 diabetes is:
a. A genetic disease caused by autoimmunity and a lack of insulin production.
b. The build-up of homocysteine in the blood.
c. A type of anemia common among vegetarians.
d. A diet-related disease in which insulin resistance occurs.
e. A communicable disease.
Question 41. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla could improve her health by following the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Diet.
True
False
Question 42. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla has normal blood pressure.
True
False
Question 43. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla meets the diagnostic criteria of Metabolic Syndrome.
True
False
Question 44. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla may have Type 1 Diabetes.
True
False
Question 45. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla's Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for fiber is 28 grams.
True
False
Question 4. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla consumed 76% of her Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for fiber.
True
False
Question 47. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla consumed less than 7% of her Calories from saturated fat.
True
False
Question 48. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla's total blood cholesterol is in the borderline high risk category.
True
False
Question 49. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, Lyla's Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein would be met if she consumed 61 grams of dietary protein each day.
True
False
Question 50. Lyla is a 23 year old single mom. She developed gestational diabetes during her pregnancy. Her child is now two years old. Lyla is 5 foot 7 inches tall and she weighs 167 pounds. Her waist measurement is 37 inches. Her lab values include; a fasting blood sugar level of 115mg/dl, her total blood cholesterol was 227mg/dl and her blood pressure was 137/87mmHg. She consumes on the average 2,450 Calories, 26 grams of dietary fiber, and 26 grams of saturated fat. TRUE or FALSE, If Lyla consumed the same Calorie level and her DRI for protein, then she would consume 10% of her Calories from protein.
True
False