Question 1. Which of the following statements is correct?

P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.

P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.

S waves travel through solids, but only P waves travel through liquids.

P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

Question 2. Older, denser portions of oceanic lithosphere sink into the mantle:

subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries.

transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries.

rift zones along mid-ocean ridges.

sites of long-lived, hot spot volcanism in the ocean basins.

Question 3. During an earthquake near Port Royal, Jamaica, the water-saturated sand on which the city was built vigorously shook. As a result, the sand particles lost contact with one another, giving the mixture the consistency of a thick milk shake. Anything supported by the ground, such as buildings and people, either floated or sank. One eyewitness stated: "Whole streets with inhabitants were swallowed up. . . . Some were swallowed quite down, and cast up again by great quantities of water; others went down and were never more seen." This is a description of __________.

liquefaction

tsunami

landslide

subsidence

Question 4. Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?

Gravitational attractive forces of the Sun and Moon

Electrical and magnetic fields localized in the inner core

The upward movement of hot buoyant mantle and the downward pull of cold oceanic lithosphere

Swirling movements of the molten iron particles in the outer core

Question 5. At deep ocean ridges, sediments are __________.

almost entirely absent

very thick

very old

mostly limestone

Question 6. Match the term with the definition

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

Volcanic island arc

Partial melting

Convection

A. Boundary where two plates move away from one another
B. The crust and the stiff upper mantle combined; this is broken into plates
C. The growth of volcanoes from the ocean floor due to oceanic-oceanic convergence
D. Rising of warm material due to lower density
E. Boundary where two plates slide past one another
F. The subduction of denser lithosphere beneath more buoyant continental crust
G. Boundary where two plates move towards one another
H. The "weak layer" within the mantle. Motion here is thought to help drive plate tectonics
I. The downward movement of sediments and oceanic crust at subduction zones, which generates molten material

Question 7. Match the term with the definition

Deformation

Fault scarp

Fault

Hypocenter

Epicenter

Anticline

Syncline

Dome

A. The spot along a fault where movement takes place during an earthquake
B. A broad upwarped feature that is roughly circular or oval-shaped when viewed from above
C. The spot on Earth's surface directly above a fault where movement takes place during an earthquake
D. The folding of rock due to overlying pressure
E. A fold that is highest in the middle
F. Long, low cliffs produced at Earth's surface where a fault's vertical offset is exposed
G. A fold that is lowest in the middle
H. The fracture along which blocks of rock move relative to each other
I. Changes in rock shape due to stresses that exceed the strength of the rock

Question 8. Put the breakup of Pangaea in order, from oldest to most recent.

Baja, California separates from Mexico

Pangea intact

India collides with Eurasia to form the Himalayas

The separation of North America and Africa

Southeast Asia joins with Eurasia

The separation of Africa, India, and Antarctica

Question 9. Briefly describe what happens at a subduction zone.

Question 10. Explain why Africa and South America are moving apart.

Question 11. What is a hot spot? Explain how this forms a volcanic island chain such as that of the Hawaiian Islands.

Question 12. How are faults, hypocenters, and epicenters related? Faults that are experiencing no active creep (relatively consistent yet minor movements) may be considered "safe". Rebut or defend this statement with what you have learned so far about faults.

Your response should be at least 200 words in length

The past few years have been active ones for earthquakes as evidenced by the devastating quakes that occurred in Haiti, Chile and Japan. Are large earthquakes becoming more frequent, perhaps because they set off tremors that can cause further activity? Scientists are currently debating this issue. And if large earthquakes become more frequent, will the U.S. be properly prepared to respond to one within its borders quickly and appropriately? Do you think that large earthquakes are really increasing in number at present? Why or why not (please be specific in your answer to the question)? If they are, do you think the U.S. will be prepared and ready to cope with the challenges?

Your response should be at least 200 words in length