Question 1 Which of the following describes structures from the conduction zone?

Pharynx, alveolar sacs, alveoli, trachea
Bronchus, nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx
Nasal cavity, respiratory membrane, alveoli, bronchus
Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli
Pharynx, larynx, bronchus, alveoli

Question 2 What structure in the nasal cavity serves to increase the surface area of the mucosa exposed to air?

Palate
Conchae
Nasal septum
Nares
Paranasal sinuses

Question 3  What is internal respiration?

The intake of atmospheric air into the body
Gas exchange between the atmospheric air and the blood
Gas exchange between the lungs and the body tissues
Gas exchange between the blood and the tissue cells
Intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide from tissue cells

Question 4 What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and inspiration occurs.
When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity increases in size and expiration occurs.
When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and expiration occurs.
When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity decreases in size and external respiration occurs.
When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity increases in size and inspiration occurs.

Question 5 What determines the flow of gases across the respiratory membrane?

Gases are dissolved in the plasma and flow through the respiratory membrane gaps.
Gases flow from lower to higher concentration using simple diffusion.
Gases flow from a higher to lower concentration using simple diffusion.
Gases attach to a hemoglobin molecule and then travel across the membrane.
Gases are dissolved in the plasma and cross using facilitated diffusion.

Question 6  Which of the following describes the movement of carbon dioxide?

Carbon dioxide moves from alveolar air into pulmonary capillaries.
Carbon dioxide moves from pulmonary capillaries into alveolar air.
Carbon dioxide moves from blood to tissue cells.
Carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin and is removed through the kidneys.
Carbon dioxide moves from blood to oxyhemoglobin.

Question 7 What is the significant function of the residual volume?

It expands the lung volume.
It increases the surfactant of the alveoli.
It allows gas exchange to continue even between breaths.
It represents the total lung capacity of a body.
It keeps the oxygen levels as low as possible.

Question 8  What area(s) of the brain are involved in the control of breathing?

Medulla only
Cerebellum only
Pons only
Medulla and the cerebellum
Medulla and the pons

Question 9  What is an important chemical stimulus that affects breathing rate?

Increased calcium levels
Increased anxiety
Increased carbon dioxide levels
Increased potassium levels
Increased mucous production in the bronchus

Question 10 What is the proposed reason for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Decreased oxygen flow across the respiratory membrane
Impaired neural control of respiration
Increased build-up of carbon dioxide
Impaired respiratory membranes
Decreased alveolar elasticity

Question 11 Which of the following is associated with COPD?

Lack of mucous production resulting in excessive coughing
Cessation of breathing due to anxiety
Hyperventilation resulting in metabolic alkalosis
A genetic disorder with excessive mucous production
Respiratory failure and respiratory acidosis

Question 12 In which major digestive organ does most food absorption occur?

Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Liver
Colon

Question 13  What layer of the alimentary canal contains nerve fibers and lymphatic tissue?

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa
Visceral peritoneum

Question 14  What is the process of chewing called?

Deglutition
Absorption
Segmentation
Defecation
Mastication

Question 15  The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by which of the following structures?

Plicae circularis and intestinal villi
Brunner's glands
Digestive enzymes
Rugae
Gastric pits

Question 16  Which of the following describes permanent teeth?

There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge
There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge
The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.
The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.
The number of permanent teeth varies widely from person to person.

Question 17 Which of the following describes saliva?

It is composed of water only.
It contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins.
It is produced by the palatine tonsils.
It serves to warm food before it is swallowed.
It dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted.

Question 18 Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

Chief cells
Parietal cells
Serous cells
Alpha cells
Mucous neck cells

Question 19 What is the enzymatic breakdown of a food molecule called?

Diffusion
Active transport
Hydrolysis
Synthesis
Denatured

Question 20 The mucosa tunica of the esophagus is lined with what type of cells?

Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Microvilli epithelium
Pseudostratified squamous epithelium
Ciliated columnar

Question 21 Digestion of which of the following would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?

Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Starches
Monosaccharide

Question 22  The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?

Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes.
This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset.
Bile would be released from the gall bladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.
The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.
Acid reflux would develop and cause damage to the esophagus.

Question 23 What are the essential amino acids?

Amino acids produced by the human body.
Amino acids that must be obtained through diet.
Amino acids that are building blocks of carbohydrates.
Amino acids released from the hydrolysis of lipids.
Amino acids that make up the essential vitamins.

Question 24 What is basal metabolic rate?

Total amount of kilocalories needed to fuel daily activities
Total amount of kilocalories burned in a day
Total amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time at rest
Total amount of heat produced in a day
Total difference between energy used and kilocalories consumed in a day

Question 25 A person who has collapsed due to dehydration but still maintains effective heat loss mechanisms is experiencing what disorder?

Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
Fever due to pyrogens
Dysfunction of the hypothalamus