Question 1
The final stage of evolution of the most massive stars is a:

black hole.
main-sequence star.
red giant.
white dwarf.

Question 2

Based on the observed red shifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, astronomers conclude that:

Earth is the center of the universe.
the universe is contracting.
the universe is expanding.
the universe is in a steady state.

Question 3

Which of the following astronomers derived two basic laws of planetary motion, then later added a third?

Galileo
Kepler
Copernicus
Brahe

Question 4

The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory called:
the Big Bang.
Hubble's Law.
Einstein's Law.
the Doppler Effect.

Question 5
__________ galaxies are sometimes called dwarf galaxies, being typically smaller than spiral galaxies.
Elliptical
Irregular
Normal
Barred

Question 6
__________ has a hot, turbulent atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide.

Mars
Jupiter
Mercury
Venus

Question 7
Which theory held that the Earth was a sphere that stayed motionless at the center of the universe?

Heliocentric
Geocentric
Big Bang
Stationary

Question 8
According to the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe, how many "heavenly" bodies could be observed wandering along the background of stars?
One
Nine
Five
Seven

Question 9

Which main-sequence stars are the least massive?

Red
Orange
Yellow
Blue

Question 10

Which of the following is a FALSE statement?

Stars that appear the brightest are of the first magnitude, while the faintest stars visible to the unaided eye are of the sixth magnitude.

Most stars have such small parallax shifts that accurate measurement is always possible.

Stellar parallax is the extremely slight back-and-forth shifting in the apparent position of a nearby star due to the orbital motion of the Earth.

Emission nebulae are gaseous masses that consist largely of hydrogen.

Question 11

Describe the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram. How is it useful in classifying stars? Where do stars tend to cluster on the diagram? Where on the H-R diagram does a star spend most of its life?

Question 12

Discuss stellar evolution (describing each stage in brief). What forces are opposing one another throughout the life of a star and how do they influence the various stages in the life cycle of a star?