Question 1. Mycology is the branch of microbiology which studies:

Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Viruses

Question 2. Main structural difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:

Absence of cell wall in prokaryotes
Absence of nucleus in prokaryotes
Absence of nucleic acid in prokaryotes
Absence of flagella in prokaryotes

Question 3. Under the microscope with Gram stain if you observe purple colored round organisms in chains they will be called:

Streptococci
Staphyloccoci
Gram negative bacilli
Spirochetes

Question 4. Parasite is an organism

that causes a disease
which harbors another organism
too small to be seen by naked eye
which require another organism in order to survive

Question 5. The disease causing "agent" composed only of a protein is called:

Virus
Viroid
Prion
Proteinome

Question 6. The unicellular parasites which infect humans are called:

Prokaryotes
Protozoa
Platyhelminths
Nemathelminths

Question 7. Louise Pasteur developed vaccines for

Cholera, Small pox
Polio, tetanus
Influenza & Hepatitis
Anthrax & Rabies

Question 8. Molecular postulates are used to determine whether a given bacterium causes the disease?

True
False

Question 9. What are Koch's postulates used for?

Directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease
Identifying an unknown from a mixed culture of bacteria
Differentiating between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
All of the above

Question 10. Robert Koch isolated which of the following organisms for the first time?

Staphylococcus
organism causing silkworm disease
Anthrax bacillus
Influenza virus

Question 11. Louise Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.

True
False

Question 12. Microbiology has lost the significance in the US as our main health issues are non microbial diseases.

True
False

Question 13. Which of the following statement is true for Archaea?

They contain peptidoglycan in their cell wall
They are eukaryotes living in extreme environments
They are prokaryotes living in extreme environments
They consist of major human pathogens

Question 14. Which of the following is an important function of bacterial capsule?

to protect against the phagocytes
house the enzymes required for bacterial metabolism
give rigidity to the cell
To control flow of nutrients into the cell.

Question 15. Main locomotor organ of a bacterium is

Pilus
Fimbria
Flagellum
Protoplasm

Question 16. Which of the following structures are used by bacteria to adhere (stick to) the surfaces?

Cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
Pili
Flagella

Question 17. What is the predominant component in a gram positive organism's cell wall?

Techoic acid
Lipoproteins
Lipopolysaccharide
Peptidoglycan

Question 18. Which of the forms will be produced by some bacterial species under adverse conditions?

Reproductive form
Protoplast
Endospore
Cysts

Question 19. Rickettsia and Chlamydia are called obligate intracellular "parasites" because:

They are viruses
They lack cell wall
They are eukaryotes
They cannot survive and multiply outside a host cell

Question 20. Which of the following is the site for energy or ATP generation in bacteria?

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Plasmids
Cytoplasm

Question 21. Electron microscope is used in microbiology for visualizing

Parasites
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi

Question 22. The Gram stain technique is valuable in distinguishing :

types of fungi
the size and structure of viruses
the nucleus of bacteria from other cellular organelles
types of bacteria

Question 23. The binomial system of nomenclature for microorganisms uses the

genus and species epithet
order and species epithet
kingdom and genus names
family and order names

Question 24. Match the following nutritional type with its energy and carbon source: (Points :8: 2 points each)

Potential Matches:
1 : Photoheterotroph
2 : Chemoautotroph
3 : Photoautotroph
4 : Chemoheterotroph
Answer
: Uses inorganic compounds for energy and carbon dioxide for carbon source

: Uses light for energy source and organic sources for carbon source

: Uses organic chemical reactions for energy and carbon source

: Uses light for energy and Carbon dioxide for carbon source

Question 25. An example of genes in bacteria other than those on the chromosome is:

Plasmids
Mitochondria
Free strands of DNA on bacterial surface
Ribosomes

Question 26. Genes existing on plasmids may include those for:

capsule production
Krebs cycle enzymes
cell division
antibiotic resistance

Question 27. Cloning in genetic engineering is defined as replicating bacteria to identical forms.

True
False

Question 28. Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?

on the plasma membrane
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
in chromatophores

Question 29. Prokaryotes reproduce using a type of cell division known as

Meiosis I
Binary fission
Mitosis
Meiosis II

Question 30. The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA molecule is called

replication
transcription
translation
DNA synthesis

Question 31. When an organism infects the body without any detectable impairment of body function it is called:

Subclinical or inapparent infection
Acute infection
Chronic infection
Latent infection

Question 32. If a 55 year old patient is suffering from infection of his right eye, what pattern of infection is seen?

Generalized infection
Focal infection
Localized infection
Congenital infection

Question 33. If a patient had a bout of influenza and then suffered from pneumonia immediately, pneumonia would be called:

Biphasic illness
Systemic infection
Primary infection
Secondary infection

Question 34. Which of the following is a strong indicator of bacterial infection?

Presence of pus in the wound
Malaise and fatigue disproportionate to other symptoms
Increase in lymphocytes with normal neutrophils
Biphasic illness

Question 35. Non specific symptoms occurring in early stages of infection is called

Incubation period
Prodrome ( Prodromium)
Clinical disease
Convalenscence

Question 36. When the mother transmits an infection during pregnancy to the fetus is called:

Focal infection
Latent infection
Congenital infection
Systemic infection

Question 37. When both parasite and host benefit from existence of the microbe in the body the host microbe relationship can be described as:

Commensalism
Symbiosis
Opportunistic Pathogenism
Parasitism

Question 38. Another term used for normal flora is:

Opportunistic pathogen
Primary pathogen
Indigenous flora
Parasitic flora

Question 39. If a very healthy athlete comes down with tuberculosis, what type of pathogen is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

True (primary pathogen)
Secondary pathogen
Opportunistic pathogen
Congenital pathogen

Question 40. Minimum number of organisms required to establish infection is called:

Pathogenic dose
Infectious dose
Virulence dose
Toxic dose

Question 41. Presence of pus in an infection site indicates which of the following virulence factors may be possessed by the pathogens?

Hyaluronidase
Collagenase
Capsule
Leukocidin

Question 42. Exotoxins are

tissue specific
heat stable
very weak in their action
part of the bacterial cell wall

Question 43. Innate immunity refers to:

immunity acquired after infection
immunity after immunization
specific immune response to an antigen
nonspecific immunity present since birth

Question 44. The immunity mediated by antibodies is called:

Innate immunity
Humoral immunity
Cytotoxic immunity
Cellular immunity

Question 45. The primary immunodeficiencies are due to:

Developmental defects
Genetic defects
Drug therapy
a & b

Question 46. Which of the following cells can be infected by HIV (AIDS virus)

Neurons
Macrophages
T lymphocytes
All of the above

Question 47. If the majority of population has immunity against a pathogen then it may lead to virtual elimination of the pathogen from that population. This phenomenon is due to:

Individual immunity
Herd immunity
Weakening of the pathogen
Reduction in natural habitat of the pathogen.