Q. Illustrate types of pipe racks?

The following types of pipe racks may be required:

• Interconnecting pipe rack (elevated).

• Unit pipe rack (elevated).

• Pipe rack or sleeper way (at grade).

Pipe racks shall be single level whenever possible. On single level pipe racks, utility and service piping shall be placed in the centre of the rack, with process piping on the outsides. Where multilevel racks are required, utility and service piping shall be placed on the upper rack level. Generally, process lines shall be placed on the lower rack levels; however, draining considerations shall be taken into account when placing process lines on multilevel racks. Piping that needs to be free draining or 'no pocket' will often dictate the levels for elevated structures. The highest level is often used for flare lines, non pocket lines, or to support aerial coolers. Generally it is cheaper to run pipes at grade but overhead racks offer much improved access for operation and maintenance.