Q. Causes of Mitral Regurgitation?

Mitral regurgitation is the most common valvular abnormality seen in clinical practice. Different disease processes leading to mitral regurgitation may affect different components of the mitral valve. Prevalence of the etiology depends upon surgical or medical series reporting the causes.

Table gives a list of various disease processes that cause mitral regurgitation.

Table : Causes of Mitral Regurgitation

1) Primary Abnormalities of the Valve Apparatus

Abnormalities of the Valve

Congenital

Cleft leaflet
Fenestrations

Post Inflammatory

Acute rheumatic fever
Chronic rheumatic Heart disease

Post infective

Infective endocarditis
Degenerative
Myxomatous Mitral valve

Involvement in systemic disease

Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Amyloidosis

Scleroderma

Abnormalities of the Annulus

Mitral Annular Calcification

Abnormalities of the Chordae

Idiopathic Chordal rupture

2) Secondary to Cardiac Disease

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Endomyocardial fibrosis

Marfan's syndrome

Coronary artery disease

Papillary muscle rupture

Papillary muscle dysfunction.

Remodeled Left ventricle after Infarction
Dilated left ventricle
Global LV dysfunction

3) External Causes

Radiation therapy
Methysergide
Post surgical
Post Valvuloplasty