1-Which statement is not true?
1-Gram-negative bacteria stains purple; Gram-positive bacteria stains red
2-Gram-negative bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan layers than Gram-positive bacteria
3-Gram-negative bacteria have inner and outer cell membranes; Gram-positive only has one
4-Gram-negative example is E. coli; Gram-positive example is Bacillus

2-Which statement is not true about Chymosin?
1-An enzyme used in cheesemaking
2-A protease that promotes curdling of milk
3-Original source was an African bush named, Chymaxina indica.
4-ChyMax is recombinantly produced in the fungus, Aspergillus
5-Chymosin was the first artificially produced enzyme to be allowed by the US Food and Drug Administration

3-Pyrolase, is a cellulase isolated from a hyperthermophilic archeon that grows in a hydrothermal vent and is used in which industry?
1-Cheese industry
2-Agriculture
3-Paper bleaching
4-Oil industry
5-Food and wine industry

4-During the 1989 oil spill from the oil tanker, Exxon-Valdez, what kind of microbial bioremediation approach was used that involved promotion of growth of local microbes by the addition of nitrogen fertilizers?
1-Competition
2-Antibiosis
3-Biostimulation
4-Bioaugmentation
5-Bioterrorism

5-The first genetically engineered microbe that was patented and made by Chakrabarty by mating strains that can degrade various components of oil is:
1-Chymaxina indica
2-Clostridium botulinum
3-Pseudomonas putida
4-Bacillus thuringensis
5-Bacillus anthracis
6-Yersinia pestis

6-__________________ is a Gram-positive bacterium that makes Cry proteins which produces holes in some insect guts.
1-Clostridium botulinum
2-Bacillus thuringensis
3-Pseudomonas putida
4-Staphylococcus aureus
5-Pseudomonas fluorescens

7-Botox is a neurotoxin that is naturally produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. Which disease or condition is currently not treated by botox?
1-High cholesterol levels
2-Wrinkles
3-Uncontrollable sweating
4-Facial spasms

8-Which statement about vaccines is false?
1-Attenuated vaccines are weakened pathogens
2-Inactivated vaccines are killed pathogens
3-Recombinant vaccines are made from part of pathogens
4-Vaccines are administered orally or by injection and stimulate the immune system
5-All are true

9-________________ are fluorescently labeled probes, used extensively in microbial detection and diagnosis, that emit signal when bound to target DNA fragments.
1-Siderophores
2-Ethidium bromide
3-Coomasie Blue
4-Molecular beacons
5-SYBR Green

10-_______________ is an antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis).
1-Siderophores
2-Erythromycin
3-Amphotericin
4-Pepstatin
5-Bacitracin
6-Penicillin
7-Raxibacumab

11-What is not true about the process of producing Humulin in E. coli?
1-Chains A and B were constructed in separate plasmids
2-Both chains A and B were fused to ?-galactosidase
3-?-galactosidase parts were cleaved off at one point in the process.
4-Chains A and B were fused together in one plasmid
5-Chains A and B were mixed together and allowed to form disulfide bonds.

12-In Craig Venter's talk, he found that microbial diversity is much higher in the oceans than deep in the soils of Colorado. What did he attribute the diversity to?
1-Water temperature
2-Wave movement
3-Ultraviolet light
4-Seaweeds
5-Zooplankton

13-The purpose of the Human Microbiome Project was to characterize microbial communities in human body and their relationship to human __________________.

14-Fecal transplantation, also known as ________________ replaces the intestinal microbiota of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with the microbiota from a healthy person.

15-A Pseudomonas syringae strain was the first genetically engineered microbe to be released to the environment. Describe what it was used for.?

16-What are the two types of techniques or analysis used to screen for desired proteins or genes in a metagenomic library?