Problem:

Question 1: Infections by Listeria exhibit strict species-specifity because

a) Cytoskeleton polymerization involves different molecules in different species

b) Target cells have gained resistance in some species

c) Target receptors in different species are polymorphic at a single amino acid involved in bacterial adherence.

d) All of the above

Question 2: Which of the following is the most likely target molecule exploited by a pathogen if neutrophils unable to kill the bacteria after phagocytosis.

a) Rho

b) Rac

c) Cdc42

d) Rab

e) All of the above

Question 3: Listeria enters into host cells via endocytic vesicles formed through caveolin-independent mechanism.

a) True

b) False

If a bacterial toxin disables procaspase 9 and causes disruption of the protein in the target host cell, the cell cannot undergo programmed cell death even though it may receive external signals to do so.

a) True

b) False

Provide the correct answer and justification for your choice.