Problem:

Question 1: How do maternal effect genes determine cell differentiation?

1. They can create an mRNA gradient that determines body layout.
2. Homeotic genes control expression of maternal effect genes.
3. Cell differentiation is not controlled by maternal effect genes in the developing embryo.
4. Gene products from maternal effect gene expression are important in the sperm-egg fertilization process.
5. Maternal effect genes disable paternal genes introduced by the fertilizing sperm.

Question 2: Why is a self-destruct mechanism adaptive for an organism?

1. It is a good way to get rid of cells that have been exposed to toxins.
2. It allows for the replacement of old, potentially damaged cells with new ones.
3. It enables removal of cells without activating inflammation.
4. It allows for the replacement of old potentially damaged cells with new ones, and it enables removal of cells without activating inflammation.
5. All answers are correct.

Question 3: What might occur if there is a mutation in a homeotic gene?

1. The unfertilized egg will undergo differentiation.
2. The embryo may not produce cytoplasmic determinants.
3. Embryonic morphogenesis may be disrupted.
4. The egg will fail to be fertilized by a sperm.
5. The egg will have inappropriate expression of cytoplasmic determinants.

Please select correct answer and also provide explaination.