Problem:

Please read all the questions carefully and answer them.

Question 1: Identify the location of the vasomotor center:

(a) motor cortex,

(b) hypothalamus, or

(c) brainstem.

Question 2: Where would you find the entire length of each paravertebral ganglion chain in body space?

(a) along the length of the entire cord,

(b) only within the thoracolumbar cord, or

(c) only within the medial portion of the thoracolumbar cord.

Question 3: Which region of the ganglion chain contains the adrenergic neurons that innervate the heart?

(a) cervical,

(b) thoracolumbar, or

(c) pelvic.

Question 4: The ganglia within each paravertebral chain are linked by:

(a) cranial nerves,

(b) spinal nerves, or

(c) autonomic nerves.

Question 5: As shown in - and as implied by -- the drawing above, autonomic nerves link:

(a) thoracolumbar spinal nerve pairs with adjacent paravertebral ganglion chains,

(b) ganglia within a chain,

(c) some paravertebral ganglia to peripheral ganglia (such as the adrenal medulla), or

(d) all of the above.

Question 6: Post-ganglionic autonomic motor neurons have small diameter, non-myelinated axons. Consequently, ?-motor neuron and adrenergic neuron axons are distinct within spinal nerves. Autonomic neuron axons lie within grooves found along the length of non-myelinated Schwann cells. What other axonal property would differ between these two types of motor neurons?

(a) action potential velocity,

(b) action potential duration, or

(c) axon length.

Question 7: Whereas cholinergic ?-motor neurons innervate muscle fibers within a motor unit, adrenergic autonomic motor neurons innervate smooth muscle cells in the walls of arteries and veins. Does neurosecretion from these motor neurons differ in a mechanistic sense?

(a) yes, or

(b) no.

Question 8: Does neurosecretion from autonomic adrenergic neurons differ from ?-motor neurons in a spatial sense?

(a) yes, or

(b) no.