Part I:

Question 1 Sensory and motor functions in the mature human adult are controlled by the

Question 2 Which of the following is tRNA's role in translation?

Question 3 Successful differentiation of early brain regions requires that cells destined to form these regions

Question 4 The mitotic stage of metaphase is most clearly defined by

Question 5 Which of the following sequences best represents the overall flow of information in a cell?

Question 6 _____________ is a disease state characterized by cells that divide uncontrollably and no longer respect their confinement within their tissue of origin.

Question 7 When the organism expresses a set of genes, the result is the characteristics of that organism. These characteristics are called its

Question 8 In the process of transcription, the base sequence in the molecule _______ is read by the molecule _________ , an enzyme that makes an RNA molecule.

Question 9 Which of the following choices lists in order the stages of mitosis?

Question 10 What is the role of tRNA synthetase?

Question 11 Animal development and automobile development differ in that

Question 12 The term "transcription" means the process of

Question 13 The nuclear membrane of the cell disintegrates during which phase of the cell cycle?

Question 14 There are more than four kinds of amino acids in proteins. Each kind of amino acid must be coded for in mRNA. Thus, a short sequence of mRNA bases called a(n) _________ is used to code for each amino acid in the translation process.

Question 15 A three­dimensional, folded molecule shaped like an "L" with an anticodon at one end and an amino acid attachment site at the other end:

Question 16 Which of the following is not involved at all in the flow of information from archival DNA to its expression as a resulting glycoprotein?

Question 17 Which of the following phrases best describes the role of mRNA in gene expression?

Question 18 A sequence of human cell divisions accompanied by some growth and cell differentiation convert an early ___________ into a hollow ball of cells called a _________.

Question 19 In healthy cells, the normal function of the activated Ras protein is to

Question 20 Why is the word "translation" used for protein production? Protein production is the process of

Question 21 A dominant control over the endocrine system in mature human adults is exerted by the

Question 22 Which of the following phrases best describes the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Question 23 Which of the following terms would not be used to describe an aspect of the three-dimensional adult form?

Question 24 The genetic code is said to be degenerate. This means that

Question 25 In the three­dimensional form of the adult Dalmatian dog, the "front" end of the animal would be named the _____ aspect.

Part II:

1. Which of the following is not a role of the ribosome or its subunits?
2. Which of the following sequences best represents the overall flow of information in a cell?
3. Which of the following decisions is essential to a recombinant DNA project?
4. The two major problems that transcription solves for the cell are
5. The structure of DNA was unraveled using
6. Once the protein release factor enters the ribosome, other releasing factors enter as well. The ribosome responds by coming apart and releasing the new protein. This process is called
7. A three-dimensional, folded molecule shaped like an "L" with an anticodon at one end and an amino acid attachment site at the other end:
8. Biological information must exist because
9. In the translation process, tRNA molecules are also called "adapter" molecules. Why? What is their function?
10. Which of the following is part of tRNA's role in translation?
11. DNA was discovered by Friederick Miescher; he isolated it from
12. DNA contains two chains of nucleotides in which ______ and ______ alternate in supporting each chain structurally.
13. Which of the following phrases best describes the role of mRNA in gene expression?
14. The main difference between a germ cell and a somatic cell is that the somatic cell
15. There are more than four kinds of amino acids in proteins. Each kind of amino acid must be coded for in mRNA. Thus, a short sequence of mRNA bases called a(n) _________ is used to code for each amino acid in the translation process.
16. A useful, isolated gene can be inserted into a human cell of choice by
17. In human history mutations have
18. Peptide bonds are formed during the __________ stage of translation.
19. When the organism expresses a set of genes, the result is the characteristics of that organism. These characteristics are called its
20. In the process of transcription, the base sequence in the molecule _______ is read by the molecule _________ , an enzyme that makes an RNA molecule.
21. A ribosome is best described as
22. A retrovirus can be altered so that it can take foreign DNA into a host cell. It is altered by
23. In order to elongate mRNA, RNA polymerase must
24. The same "gene" can be used to code for two different proteins in two different tissues of the body of the same organism. How is this possible?
25. PCR isolates one DNA sequence away from many others by
26. Which of the following is not true of the ligase molecule
27. Consider a picture of a DNA molecule. What would be different about the DNA double helix's width if occasionally adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine?
28. Why is the word "translation" used for protein production? Protein production is the process of
29. What is one value of degeneracy in the genetic code?
30. In bacterial (prokaryotic) cells, the front end of a strand of mRNA can begin translation on a ribosome while the tail end is still being transcribed by RNA polymerase. How is this possible
31. Which of the following is not involved at all in making a glycoprotein
32. If part of a DNA strand's base sequence reads -GGTACCTA-- what mRNA base sequence would be transcribed from that DNA sequence
33. What are two structural differences between a ribonucleotide and a deoxyribonucleotide
34. In what way is information expression in a cell superior to that in building construction?
35. If you were asked to isolate from a genomic library the structural gene that codes for a specific protein, what would be a good strategy for beginning to search for the gene?
36. Why were cancer-causing retroviruses chosen for development of a way of getting DNA into
37. Which of the following is not a description of PCR
38. Which of the following is not a step in a typical gene therapy study
39. What would a ribosome do with the following mRNA sequence?
40. _____________ is a disease state characterized by cells that divide uncontrollably and no longer respect their confinement within their tissue of origin.
41. An oncogene is a mutated form of a gene that normally directs
42. Which of the following tissues would not be observed in the root of a plant?
43. The term morphogenesis refers to that process in which
44. Cell division in unicellular life forms results in __________ while cell division in multicellular life forms facilitates _________.
45. The purpose of cytokinesis is to
46. Which of the following structural changes occurs during prophase of mitosis?
47. The unique feature of meristem tissue is that it is
48. A dominant control over the endocrine system in mature human adults is exerted by the
49. A sequence of human cell divisions accompanied by some growth and cell differentiation convert an early ___________ into a hollow ball of cells called a _________.
50. Sensory and motor functions in the mature human adult are controlled by the
51. Which of the following is not a phase of the cell cycle?
52. Successful differentiation of early brain regions requires that cells destined to form these regions
53. Which of the following terms would not be used to describe an aspect of the threedimensional adult form?
54. What purpose does the process of mitosis serve?
55. A Gingko biloba haploid ova nucleus and a sperm nucleus combine in a process known as _______ within the structure known as ___________.
56. Genes that normally direct the inhibition of cell division regulatory pathways are called
57. When DNA is replicated, the two strands are first separated through _________; each strand then becomes a _________ against which two new strands are made.
58. Vesicles containing cell wall materials fuse together to form new cell wall during the process of
59. Heart rate and respiratory inhalation rate functions in the mature human adult are controlled by the
60. Moving ahead with cell division is controlled by the interaction of
61. John Gurdon transplanted a nucleus from a differentiated toad cell into a toad egg lacking its own functional nucleus. How did this work demonstrate genomic potency?
62. In humans, the process of gastrulation gives rise to a "three primary tissue" structure of the embryo. Gastrulation is a product of
63. Hans Spemann advanced the theory of embryonic induction based on his observation that
64. The transformation of chromatin to chromosomes is necessary prior to cell division because
65. In yeast a new cell is often reproduced by growing attached to the maternal cell. This reproductive process is called
66. The phase of mitosis in which the chromatin begins to condense and the chromosomes
67. Which of the following is true regarding either the G0 or the G1­ phases of the cell cycle
68. Which type of tissue is not found in plants
69. A morula is made up of
70. Which of the following statements is true regarding the DNA replication bubble
71. A newly forming budding yeast cell can get energy directly from
72. When plant cells divide, instead of using a cleavage furrow or contractile ring to separate the new daughter cells the plant cell
73. How does an organism develop from one cell to a complete organism?
74. The microtubules which attach to the centromere region of each chromosome are called
75. In forming long distance high to low concentration gradients, how do auxin molecules ge
76. When a stem cell in your bone marrow differentiates into a specific cell type (like a red blood cell instead of a white blood cell or a platelet)
77. The pituitary gland has direct roles in the __________ and ____________systems.
78. Much of your digestive system is lined with cells from the endodermal primary germ layer. Regions of your mouth and anal area are lined with cells from the ectodermal primary germ layer. How might the mesodermal primary germ contribute to the structure of the digestive system?
79. Cells multiply by undergoing division. Choose the statement below which helps explain how this paradox works itself out in a multicellular organism