Part 1

1. Ecology is study of interactions between:

a. Al! organisms in a community
b. All organisms and their environment
c. AU the ablate factors in an environment
d. All biotic factors in an environment

2. A community is:

a. Ali organisms in a particular area
b. All abiotic factors in a particular area
c. All biotic and abiotic factors in a particular area
d. The same as a biome

3. An ecosystem includes!

a. All the organisms in an area
b. All the abiotic factors in an area
c. All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area
d. None of the above

4. Habitats on the earth are established primarily by:

a. How many organisms inhabit them
b. How few organisms inhabit them
c. Variations in various abiotic factors
d. The amount of snowfall

5. All photosynthetic organisms require:

a. Wind
b. Periodic disturbances
c. Sunlight
d. Rocks and soil

6. Temperature is an important abiotic factor for:

a. Metabolism
b. Variation
c. Density
d. Disturbances

7. Apples have a waxy coatIng to enhance this abiotic factor:

a. Sunlight
b. Temperature
c. Wind
d. Water

8. The main reason there are seasons at various ptaces on the earth is;

a. the earth spins rapidly
b. the sun is a very hot star
c. there are heavy snows in the northern hemisphere
d. the earth is tilted on its axis

9. Why is the equator the warmest region on the earth?

a. It is always the closest to the sun
b. The earth's spin causes more friction
c. There is more Jungle vegetation
d. It is wetter at the equator

10. What happens to the regions of the earth North and South of the Tropics?

a. There are more weather disturbances
b. Moisture is drawn to the Tropics creating desert regions
C. Higher winds are more common
d. Continental Drift is increased

11. Terrestrial Biomes depend partly on:

a. Temperature and rainfall
b. Temperature only
c. Rainfall only
d. Distance from the equator

12. The Coniferous forest or Toga Is named for:

a. Prevalent grasses
b. Common soil types
c. Majority of tree types found in that biome
d. High concentration of ferrous minerals

13. The Marine biome with the greatest variation In conditions:

a. Benthic
b intertidal
c. photic zone
d. estuary

14. When you get "goose humps" the cause is:

a. a physiological response
b. a behavioral response
c a conditioned response
d. a narcolithic response

15. if you move from Houston(sea level) to Denver(hi altitude), what would your red blood cell response be called?

a. sedimentation
b. acclimation
c. propogation
d. salination

16. In diversity, spedes richness means:

a. the total number of different species in a community
b. a species with the most individuals in a community
c fewer individuals in many specii
d. a community with more than 10 species

17. in a community, abundance means:

a. One spedes with many Individuals
b. any different species
c. Few individuals In many spades
d. At least 100 individuals In tore spades

18. An ecological niche is:

a. a small place for a species to hide
b. a place for several species to compete
c. where a species lives, eats and conducts all activities
d. where all species can interact

19. If two species have identical niches one outcome will be

a. both species will become extinct
b. both species will interbreed
c. both species will abandon the niche
d. one species will out compete the other and may result in extinction

20.A predator can also be called:

a. a prey
b a producer
c a consumer
d. a protagonist

21. Predator adaptations include:

a. bright coloration
b. alarm calling
c ambush camouflage
d. mobbing

22. Plants have evolved which defenses against being consumed?

a. as bright coloration
b. deep roots
c. heavy fruit
d. toxic chemicals

23. some species have evolved one of the following as a defense against Predators

a. bright coloration
b. warning coloration
c. dartened fur
d. larger wing surfaces

24. Species symbiotic relationships includes:

a. bryophytes
b, stygophytes
c. parasites
d.morulas

25. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship between two spedes where:

a. One species is harmed and one Is benefitted
b. One species is benefitted and one is not harmed
c. Both species are benefitted
d. Neither species is benefitted

26. Invasive species are a serious threat to an ecosystem since:

a. they Interbreed with native species
b. they out compete and displace native species
C. they are non-adaptable
d. they cause native species to over populate

27. One the greatest impacts of humans on ecosystems:

a. native evolved species
b. native adapted species
c. clonal haplotype species
d. introduced species

28. In the Trophic structure of art ecosystem, a producer is:

a. an organism that is heterotrophic
b. an organism that is usually photosynthetic
c. herbivorous
d. carnivorous

29. Herbivores are:

a. organisms that are consumers of producers
b. organisms that prefer herbs
c. organisms that are autotrophic
d. organisms that are heterotrophic

30. Global warming is likely responsible for:

a. increase in deserts
b. speed up in arctic ice melt
ca increase in plant metabolism
d. increase siltation of rivers

31. Global warming may also explain:

a. the decline in polar bear populations
b. the decline in orangutan populations
c. the increase In starling populations
d. the Increase in deforestation

32. The Greenhouse Effect is caused primarily by:

a. global warming
b. increase in water vapor
c. increase in CO2 In the atmosphere
d. nothing, there is no greenhouse effect

Part 2

1. The Headwaters property is 53 acres that is in the process of restoration which means:

a. Planting as many plants as possible
b. Making a park for UIW students
c. Returning the land to its original pre-settlement condition
d. Clear Cutting all plant species

2. The Dust Bowl centered in the:

a. Oklahoma panhandle
b. Texas panhandle
c. S.E. Colorado
d. S.W. Kansas
e. A, b, c, d

3. Prior to settlement, native Americans and buffalo ranged across the Great Plains covered in Buffalo grass- this plant community was:

a. Rich
b. Abundant
C. Abundant and native
d. Rich and abundant

4. What caused the beginning of settlement of the Great Plains from the eastern US ?

a. Land speculators and promoters
b. Low interest bank mortgages
C. Curiosity
d. a & b

5. The replacement of the Great Plains plant community with a NEW plant community became:

a. Rich
b. Abundant
c. Native
d. Non native
e b & d

6. The new plant community thrived and produced great crops and income. One great driving factor was:

a. Heavy rainfall and snows
b. World War 1
Ca internatIona grain prices soar
d. National dietary changes
e. b & c

7. A major factor that changed income levels from grain production:

a. Dietary changes
b. A new virus strain
c. Over production
d. Reduced seed supplies

8. The Dust Bowl was a result of ;

a. Plowing millions of acres of native
b. prolonged drought grassland
C. a change in tectonic Oates
d. government ban on wheat
e. a & b

9. Farmers in the Dust Bowl:

a. Tried new farming techniques
b. Persisted with the same failed techniques
c. Abandoned the land
d. b & c

10. To attract national attention to the Dust Bowl, Roosevelt:

a. Hired photographers to chronicle the Dust Bowl
b. Asked France for assistance
c. Hired farmers into newly formed projects
d. a & c

11.The impact of photographs of Dust Bowl families;

a. Was largely ignored
b. increased the use of cameras
c. Drew national attention to their plight
d. Made Mr. Kodak wealthy

12. The WPA;

a. Hired men to build bridges and other structures
b. Planted crops
c. Held large scale community gatherings
d. Harvested buffalo for food

13. The CSC:

a. built and repaired roads
b. Contour plowed millions of acres of land
c, Provided fertilizer for farmers
d. Taught farmers how to conserve

14. The Soil Conservation Service:

a. Saved soil in large soil banks
b, Planted millions of trees for orchards
c, Planted millions of trees as wind breaks
d. Taught farmers to plant rice

16. in 1938 returning rains allowed grasses to thrive but

a. The grass was inedible
b. The grass attracted buffalo
c. The grass attracted plagues of grasshoppers
d. No one owned a lawnmower

17.Elinnination of coyotes on the Great Plains;

a. Mowed sheep raising to prosper
b. Allowed native grasses to thrive
c. Allowed rabbit populations to explode
d. Caused taxidermists to leave the Great Plains

18. One solution suggested for the Dust Bowl was:

a. Haul water from Canada
b. Eat rabbits
C. Pave the Great Plains with asphalt
di Ignore the problem

19. Another suggested solution for the Dust Bowl was:

a. Cover the Great Plains in a metal screen
b. a Resettle ail the population from the Great Plains
C. Divert the Mississippi River
d. A & B

20 When farming returned with consistent rains, success was assisted by:

a. Contour plowing
b. Use of the Lister plow
c. Crop rotation
d. A, B & C