Part -1:

1. What is acid deposition, and what atmospheric constituents related to human activities are involved in acid deposition?
2. Define pH. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of 5.6?
3. What observations led a large group of scientists in the 1950s and 1960s to become concerned about the problem of acid deposition?
4. What role do temperature inversions play in the development of photochemical smogs in urban areas?
5. What are the major natural and anthropogenic sources of VOCs and to the atmosphere?
6. Explain how the natural cycle of ozone in the troposphere is disrupted by anthropogenic emissions of VOCs and NOx.
7. What are some effects of tropospheric ozone accumulation on human health and ecosystems?
8. SO2 a major atmospheric pollutant in photochemical smog, has an average concentration of 0.2 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) in remote air. How many moles of SO₂ are there in the background atmosphere?

Part -2:

1. What types of data records are used to provide information on historical climatic change?
2. Describe the three orbital parameters that affect climate on the time scale of Pleistocene glacial-interglacial change.
3. How might the conveyor belt circulation pattern of the ocean have changed between the LGM and the modern ocean?

Part -3:

1. Briefly explain the natural greenhouse effect and how human activities are modifying this phenomenon.
2. Why are clouds so important in the modeling of climatic change?
3. What is the most important greenhouse gas, and what four major greenhouse gases are being emitted to the atmosphere by human activities?
4. Briefly discuss how temperature and precipitation
might change because of an enhanced greenhouseeffect brought about by emissions of greenhouse gasesto the atmosphere from human activities.
5. Besides temperature and precipitation changes, what are some other consequences of an enhanced greenhouse effect?
6. How is stratospheric ozone produced and destroyed?
7. Describe the process by which stratospheric ozone is destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons.
8. What are the two important functions of stratospheric ozone that aid in maintaining the environment of Earth as suitable for life?