Organization of the Cell

- Describe the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (at this point you should be able to describe at least three differences

and tell what one has that is absent/altered in the other)

- Describe the functions of each organelle discussed in the animal and/or plant cell

- How can a newly made protein get secreted out of the cell? (Hint: endomembrane system)

- Why are mitochondria and chloroplast important for cells? In which cells are they found?

-Know what structures are present in one but absent in the other

- Describe the components of the animal cytoskeleton

- Know functions of components of the plant cell wall

Biological Membranes

-Why is a cell's plasma membrane important? -Describe plasma membrane composition (What types of lipids and proteins are present?

How do the proteins associate with the membrane?)

- What factors affect membrane "fluidity"? -Describe the functions of membrane proteins -What types of molecules can easily pass

plasma membranes? Which one cannot?

- Describe the differences between passive vs. active diffusion

-How is water balance affected in animal vs plant cell (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic)?

- Describe exocytosis vs endocytosis (phagocystosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated-endocytosis) in cells

- Key terms (red bold face words from slides and any terms in text)

-How are signals sent from one cell to another cell (local and long distance)

-Cell signaling (definition and what goes on during each of the four stages)

- Three main types of membrane receptors (ion channel, G-protein linked receptors, and enzyme linked receptors) How do they

function?

-Intracellular receptors (how are they different from membrane receptors? How do they get into the cell? How they can function as

transcription factors?)

- Describe the difference between a kinase and a phosphatase

- Second messengers (How they are involved in signaling and know about cAMP, calcium, IP3 and DAG)

- In what ways are signaling pathways regulated (controlled)?

- What are ways to enhance a signal response