Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question.

Question 1: A ________ cell contains a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.

• eukaryotic
• prokaryotic
• virus
• prion

Question 2: A(n) ________ allows some substances to move freely into and out of a cell by simple diffusion while it will always exclude some substances from crossing. However, some substances that cannot cross by simple diffusion can pass through with the help of either active or passive transport proteins.

• impermeable membrane
• cytoskeleton
• selectively permeable membrane
• cytosol

Question 3: Examine the following figure. If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution, what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time?

• The solution level on the right side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease.
• The solution level on the left side of the figure would increase while the solution level on the right side of the figure would also rise.
• The solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the left side of the figure would rise.
• There will be no net movement of water; neither side will rise or decrease.

Question 4: Examine the following figure. Why did the solution level on the left rise while the solution level on the right decreased?

• The solution on the left was hypotonic to the solution on the right. Therefore, the water moved by osmosis across the membrane from right to left along the water concentration gradient.
• The solution on the left was hypertonic to the solution on the right. Therefore, the water moved by osmosis across the membrane from right to left along the water concentration gradient.
• The solutions are isotonic to each other. Therefore, the water moved by osmosis from right to left along the concentration gradient.
• The solution on the right was hypotonic to the solution on the left. Therefore, the water moved by osmosis across the membrane from right to left along the water concentration gradient.

Question 5: Molecules sometimes move across a plasma membrane by passing through channel proteins or with the help of carrier proteins. If no energy is used by the cell during this process, the process is called

• osmosis.
• simple diffusion.
• facilitated diffusion.
• active transport.

Question 6: Small, noncellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell are called

• bacteria.
• viruses.
• protozoans.
• animal cells.

Question 7: The ________ is a phospholipid bilayer that separates the internal components of a living cell from the cell's external environment.

• mitochondrium
• chloroplast
• nuclear envelope
• plasma membrane

Question 8: The ________ is extremely important because it is where the cell uses energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water to produce simple sugars that are used to build complex carbohydrates. Oxygen is produced as a byproduct. This process is known as photosynthesis.

• large central vacuole
• cytoskeleton
• chloroplast
• mitochondria

Question 9: The ________ is responsible for chemically tagging and packaging proteins and sometimes lipids for transport not only to specific locations within the cell but at times for transport to the exterior of the cell.

• nucleus
• endoplasmic reticulum
• lysosome
• Golgi apparatus

Question 10: When energy is used to move molecules across a plasma membrane, ________ has occurred.

• simple diffusion
• osmosis
• facilitated diffusion
• active transport

Question 11: Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for water and solute storage but sometimes also stores cellular waste products?

• large central vacuole
• cytoskeleton
• chloroplast
• mitochondria

Question 12: Which cellular structure is responsible for the localized storage of chromosomal DNA?

• nucleus
• endoplasmic reticulum
• lysosome
• Golgi apparatus

Question 13: Which of the following are nucleotide building blocks for DNA?

• lipids, proteins, carbohydrates
• lipids, proteins, adenine (A), cellulose
• adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C)
• adenine (A), guanine (G), cellulose, amino acids

Question 14: Which of the following cell structures are typically found in plant cells but not found in animal cells?

• Golgi apparatus and lysosomes and ribosomes
• mitochondria and Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
• cell wall and chloroplasts and large central vacuole
• smooth ER and rough ER and Golgi apparatus

Question 15: Which of the following cell structures can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• nucleus
• cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes
• smooth ER and rough ER
• Golgi apparatus and lysosomes

Question 16: Which of the following statements expresses part of the cell theory?

• Every living organism is composed of one or more cells.
• All living cells have a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
• All living cells have membrane-enclosed organelles.
• All living cells can perform photosynthesis.

Question 17: Which of the following structures is considered an organelle?

• cytosol
• vacuole
• microtubule
• plasma membrane

Question 18: Which of these structures is primarily responsible for the enzymatic breakdown of large molecules in the cell?

• nucleus
• endoplasmic reticulum
• lysosome
• Golgi apparatus

Question 19: Which of these structures is the location of cellular respiration, which produces ATP for the cell?

• large central vacuole
• cytoskeleton
• chloroplast
• mitochondria

Question 20: ________ is a pumped-up version of endocytosis where large macromolecules, or even entire microscopic organisms, are engulfed and "eaten" by another cell.

• Pinocytosis
• Phagocytosis
• Osmosis
• Exocytosis