1. Regarding the organizational chart for living systems, organs are composed of
A. two or more types of organelles
B. multiple macromolecules
C. two or more types of cells
D. two or more types of tissues
2. Necessary life functions include the following except
A. maintaining boundaries
B. digestion
C. excretion
D. all of these are necessary functions
3. Water accounts for approximately ___ percent of our body weight
A. 10
B. 20
C. 50
D. 75
4. Normal body temperature is at ____ degrees Celsius
A. 35
B. 37
C. 40
D. 42
5. The balance or dynamic state of equilibrium in the body is referred to as _____
A. autonomy
B. homeostasis
C. homogeneity
D. heterogeneity
6. Clotting in a damaged vessel in the bloodstream is an example of ____ .
A. negative feedback
B. positive feedback
C. effector mediated control
D. receptor mediated control
7. The release of antidiuretic hormone or ADH by the pituitary is an example of ______
A. negative feedback
B. positive feedback
C. effector mediated control
D. receptor mediated control
Use the following Key to Answer the next group of questions, an answer may be used once, twice or not at all.
A. Nucleus
B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Lysosome
D. Mitochondria
E. Golgi Complex
8. Both messenger and ribosomal RNA are made here
9. This organelle functions both for digestion and defense, and it contains harsh enzymes
10. Mitosis is visible here
11. This structure is studded with nucleotides, which function to produce proteins and polypeptides.
12. Energy production occurs here, as long as Oxygen is available
13. Cellular products are encased in membranes here in preparation for their release.
Use the following table to answer the next group of questions, an answer may be used once, twice or not at all.
A. Simple Diffusion
B. Facilitated Diffusion
C. Active Transport
D. Osmosis
E. Phagocytosis
14. The movement of water molecules thru a semipermeable membrane following a concentration gradient define this action.
15. The process that expends energy to move particles against the concentration gradient
16. An example of this action would be glucose entering a cell with the aide of insulin binding to a membrane bound protein
17. Pinocytosis is a similar action to this involving the ingestion of liquids
18. Both Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide gases, which are non-polar covalent, utilize this means to either enter or leave cellular structures.
19. Exocytosis is an example of this activity Choose the best answer:
20. The cytoplasmic membrane contains which of the following materials
A. Phospholipids
B. Proteins
C. Cholesterol
D. A & B only
E. A, B and C
21. Messenger RNA is able to leave the nucleus because _______
A. It is single stranded, not helical
B. Nuclear pores are present
C. Thymine has replaced uracil
D. A & B
E. A,B & C
22. What structure(s) in the cell have the 9+2 configuration
A. Flagella
B. Spindles
C. Intermediate fibers
D. A & B
E. A, B & C
23. Energy production occurs at the _____ utilizing the ______
A. mitochondria, glycolysis
B. mitochondria, proton motive force
C. cytoplasmic membrane, glycolysis
D. cytoplasmic membrane, proton motive force
E. mitochondria, G- protein receptors
24. Ribosomes in human cells
A. Have both a large and small subunit structure
B. Are produced in the nucleus
C. Are sometimes bound to cytoplasmic membrane
D. A & B
E. A, B & C
25. The endomembrane system has all of the following properties except ______
A. encasing cellular components and products in membrane to protect them
B. provide a passageway for Messenger RNA after it exits the nucleus
C. Includes lysomes and mitochondria in the system
D. includes rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the system
E. All of these are properties/parts of the endomembrane system
Answer the following either A(true) or B(false)
26. DNA is found in both the nucleus and in mitochondria
27. Phagosomes bond with peroxisomes to perform cellular digestion
28. The fluid mosaic model is used to represent the dynamic nature of the cytoplasmic membrane and its being studded with proteins
29. Human cells contain the same genetic material in each cell that has a nucleus
Choose the best answer:
30. In animal eukaryotic cells, the cell membrane stability is aided by ______.
A. rigid structural proteins
B. ergosterols
C. cholesterols
D. cell walls external to the membranes
E. C & D
31. The cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells consist of ______
A. intermediate fibers
B. microfilaments
C. microtubules
D. A, B & C
E. Only A & B
32. In the ____, ribosomal RNA is formed in eukaryotic cells
A. nucleolus
B. nucleoid
C. nuclear membrane
D. nuclear pore
E. bound ribosomes
33. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is identified by _______
A. its association with free ribosomes
B. the attachment of bound ribosomes to the endomembrane system
C. its lack of ribosomes
D. its proximity to the mitochondria
E. none of these is correct
34. Important enzymes, including those for defense and to deal with free radicals, are stored in the _____
A. lysosomes
B. peroxisomes
C. golgi apparatus
D. A & B
E. A, B & C
35. A description of a mitochondrion should include all of the following except ______
A. membrane bound organelle
B. internal membrane structure with folds to increase surface area
C. DNA to permit replication for increased energy demands
D. Non-permeable membrane externally
E. All of these are correct
36. Regarding the Golgi complex which of the following statements is true.
A. It is not part of the endomembrane system
B. It contains free ribosomes
C. It plays no role in preparing materials to leave the cell
D. It forms immediately at the end of the endoplasmic reticulum
E. These statements are all false.
37. Epithelia are named according to ______
A. the shape of the nucleus
B. the location of the tissue
C. for the outermost layer of cells
D. A & B
E. A & C
38. Simple squamous epithelia are not found in the ______
A. lung
B. blood vessel linings
C. urinary bladder
D. lining the body cavities
39. The term stratified, regarding epithelial tissue, indicates ____
A. there are multiple layers of cells( more than 1)
B. there are multiple types of epithelial cells
C. there are both single and multiple layers of cells throughout the area
D. there are multiple layers of squamous cells
40. Epithelial cells are attached to each other by ______
A. ionic bonds
B. fibrous proteins
C. globular proteins
D. the basement membrane
41. Stratified Squamous, non-keratinizing, epithelia is found in the ______
A. lung
B. small intestine
C. mouth
D. skin
42. Stratified Squamous, keratinizing, epithelia is found in the____
A. mouth
B. lung
C. skin
D. kidney
43. The lower urinary tract is known for ____ epithelia
a. simple squamous
b. simple columnar
c. stratified squamous
d. transitional
e. stratified squamous
44. The kidney tubules, where a great deal of secretion and absorption take place is known for the ____ epithelia
a. simple cuboidal
b. simple columnar
c. stratified squamous
d. stratified cuboidal
45. The tissue that is located immediately under the epidermis is known as _____ connective tissue.
a. dense irregular
b. dense regular
c. reticular
d. loose areolar
46. Connective Tissues need which of the following by definition
a. cells
b. ground substance or matrix
c. fibers
d. A & C
e. A, B and C
47. The spleen, lymph nodes, thymus and bone marrow often contain ______ connective tissue
a. dense irregular
b. adipose
c. dense regular
d. reticular
e. loose areolar
48. The thickest fibers of connective tissue are made of ______
a. collagen
b. elastin
c. reticulin
d. a combination of elastin and reticulin
e. other proteins
49. Cartilage cells are called____
A. Osteocytes
B. Fibrocytes
C. Cartocytes
D. Chondrocytes
50. Tendons and Ligaments heal with scar tissue and do not repair completely due to ______
A. the lack of blood supply
B. complex fatty deposits
C. Small mitochondria
D. All of these are factors in scar formation
E. Tendons and ligaments do heal sometimes without scarring
51. The hallmark epithelia, as per lecture, of the respiratory tract is _____.
A. Simple columnar
B. Pseudostratifed ciliated columnar
C. Simple squamous
D. Stratified squamous
52. The hallmark epithelia of the GI tract, as per lecture, is the ____.
A. Simple columnar
B. Pseudostratifed ciliated columnar
C. Simple squamous
D. Simple cuboidal
53. Capsules are composed of ______ Connective Tissues
A. Dense irregular
B. Dense regular
C. Loose areolar
D. Reticular
54. When are mutations most likely to occur in the cell cycle?
A. G1
B. G0
C. S
D. G2
Use this key to answer the next few questions, an answer may be used once, twice or not at all.
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Telophase
D. Anaphase
E. Cleavage
55. The nuclear membrane reforms and chromosomes uncoil
56. Chromosomes appear
57. The cells divide
58. The sister chromosomes align centrally
59. A good working definition of isotonic is ______ .
A. A solution that has the same amount of solutes as a living organism
B. A solution that has the same concentration of solutes to solvent as a living organism
C. A solution that has the same amount of solute but a different solvent than a living organism
D. None of these is correct.
60. Programmed Cell Death is called ______
A. Mitosis
B. G 0
C. Apoptosis
D. Mutation
61. In the cell cycle, G1 occurs after ____ phase
A. G2
B. Cytokinesis
C. Prophase
D. S
62. In what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
A. G1
B. G2
C. M
D. S
63. Mitosis yields ______
A. Two daughter cells, genetically identical
B. Two daughter cells, genetically diverse
C. Four daughter cells, genetically identical
D. Four daughter cells, genetically diverse
64. If an animal cell is placed in a solution of sea water, it will undergo what change?
A. it will swell and burst
B. it will shrink or crenate
C. it will remain unchanged
D. it will swell, but not burst
65. Cancer cells occur ______
A. when the cell cycle looses control
B. in the absence of apoptosis
C. in the presence of significant mutations
D. All of these are true