Name:
a. chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
b. Nuclear envelope forms and chromosomes uncoil
c. Chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form
d. Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
_______, _________, __________, _________
2. A scientist measures the amount of DNA in a cell growing in culture in the lab. The quantity of DNA in the cell would be seen to be double in which of the cases below:
a. between prophase and anaphase of mitosis
b. between G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle
c. during the M phase of the cell cycle
3. DNA replication results in:
a. Two DNA molecules, one with two old strands and one with two new strands
b. Two DNA molecules, each of which has two new strands
c. Two DNA molecules, each of which has one old strand and one new strand
4. If a strand of DNA has the sequence 5'-CCTAGGTT-3', then the complementary strand of DNA has the sequence:
a. 5'-TTUGGCAC-3'
b. 5'-AACCTAGG-3'
c. 5'-GGATCCAA-3'
d. 5'-CCTAGGTT-3'
5. The DNA of cells is damaged:
a. thousands of times per day
b. by collisions with other molecules, chemical agents and radiation
c. not very often and only by radiation
d. both a and b
6. Which of these DNA repair mechanisms is the least reliable in maintaining DNA stability?
a. Base pair excision
b. Double-strand break repair
c. Homologous recombination
7. Which of the following in an enzyme that is involved in both cell cycle control and DNA repair?
a. cyclin B1
b. BRCA1
c. Cdk2
8. The genetic code:
a. is exactly the same for mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
b. differs slightly between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA because of distinctions in mitochondrial tRNAs
c. differs slightly between mitochondria and nuclear DNA because of differences in mitochondrial RNA polymerase
d. cannot be different between mitochondria and nuclear DNA because mitochondria do not have DNA
- In eukaryotic cells, transcription and translation
a. both occur in the nucleus; mRNA remains in the nucleus and ribosomes are imported into the nucleus through nuclear pores
b. both occur in the cytoplasm when the nuclear membrane is temporarily dismantled
c. transcription occurs in the nucleus; mRNA is then exported through nuclear pores and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
d. only occur in the mitochondria
- Introns:
a. represent DNA sequences of a gene that are translated into protein
b. represent DNA sequences of a gene that are not translated into protein
c. are found more frequently in eukaryotes than bacteria
d. are found more frequently in bacteria than in eukaryotes
e. a. and c.
f. b. and c.
- What determines the nucleotide sequence of an RNA strand?
a. Complementary base pairing with the template DNA strand during transcription
b. The amino acid sequence in a protein
c. The diversity of nucleotides available to RNA polymerase
- An RNA molecule elongates in which direction?
a. 5' to 3'
b. 3' to 5'
- Bacterial mRNAs
a. Are translated as soon as they are exported from the nucleus
b. Are transcribed and translated simultaneously
c. Are processed in the same way as eukaryotic mRNAs
- Multiple RNA transcripts can be generated from a single DNA template
a. True
b. False
- Within the ribosome, formation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by
a. Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase
b. The tRNA itself
c. An RNA molecule in the large ribosomal subunit
d. A peptidase in the small ribosomal subunit
- Which region of the protein is synthesized first by ribosomes
a. The N-terminus
b. The C-terminus
- Consider the DNA sequence shown below. If RNA polymerase uses the top strand as its template, what will the sequence of the RNA molecule produced be? Remember to label the 5' and 3' ends.'-ATGACGAAAAGA-3' ||||||||||||3'-TACTGCTTTTCT-5'
18. Proteins in the cytosol that are destined for other organelles must first enter the:
a. nucleus
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
19. Which of the following is true?
a. a special class of ribosomes embedded in the ER translates the proteins destined for that organelle
b. a common pool of ribosomes is used to synthesize both proteins that stay in the cytosol and those that are destined for the ER
c. all ribosomes are attached to the ER when they are synthesizing a protein
20. Which type of protein binds to improperly folded or improperly assembled proteins in the ER, holding them there until proper folding occurs?
a. tethering proteins
b. glycosylating proteins
c. chaperone proteins
d. antibody proteins
21. Which of the following is NOT true about the differences between liver cells and kidney cells in the same organism?
a. they contain the same genes, but express them differently
b. they contain different genes
c. they contain different sets of proteins
d.
22. The correct order of the "flow of information" to generate a protein is:
a. mRNA to DNA to protein
b. DNA to mRNA to protein
c. Lipid to mRNA to protein
23. In a eukaryotic cell, almost all _________________ occurs in the nucleus and __________________ occurs mainly at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Fill in the blanks by picking from the following terms:
a. translation
b. transcription
24. A stop-transfer sequence functions to:
a. block transfer of a hydrophobic amino acid sequence into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
b. prevent ribosomes from binding to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. signal the termination of mRNA
25. A highly expressed gene is more likely to be found in a(n)________________ region of the chromosome.
a. Heterochromatic
b. Euchromatic
26. The ___________ directs the ribosome with the attached mRNA and nascent polypeptide to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
a. tRNA
b. signal peptidase
c. SRP
d. SRP receptor
27. Which is NOT an example of epigenetic inheritance?
a. the inheritance of methylation patterns in DNA
b. the inheritance of a single nucleotide mutation in a gene
c. the inheritance of patterns of chromosome condensation