1. discuss the four toxic forms of oxygen, how to detoxify them, why they are dangerous to cells, even ours.

2. Presence or absence of oxygen detoxifying genes and which metabolic pathway to produce ATP is directly related to whether microorganisms are considered obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, or microaerophiles. Could you make a chart to explain this phenomenom

3. Some microbes can nitrogen fix and some can carbon fix which is a definite advantage. Why?

4. Mineral, are trace elements, and vitamins, are growth factors, are required in small amounts for many microbes.

5. Optimum growth temperatures, pH range, osmotic pressure all effect growth how?

6. psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, hyperthermophiles - all refer to?

7. What are quorum sensing and biofilms?

8. what is the generation time

9. Estimate population size by direct and indirect methods.