Lab - Human Disease by Organ System

Questions: Tuberculosis

1. What are some of the other symptoms of TB disease not mentioned above? (there is no other information above, I not really sure what they mean?)

2. In the U.S., Certain populations have a disproportionate rate of TB. Which populations are these?

3. How have antibiotic resistant strains of M. tuberculosis hindered treatment?

4. Why are many health care workers required to get tested for TB?

5. A chest x-ray is used occasionally to detect lung damage in TB patients. What is the radiologist looking for in the x-ray?

6. How are giant African rats being used to detect TB?

7. What other sites in the body can be infected my M. tuberculosis?

8. What is the primary habitat for M. tuberculosis?

Questions: Fungal Infections of the Respiratory System

1. Why are fungal infections so difficult to treat?

2. Can Pneumocystis jiroveci be cultured in the laboratory?

3. Why has there been confusion surrounding the categorization of the Pneumocystis jiroveci organism?

4. What are some symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia?

5. How is pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosed?

6. If a previously healthy person's immune system fails, will they develop pneumocystis pneumonia if they had been positive for Pneumocystis jiroveci?

7. What types of treatments are currently being used for Pneumocystis jiroveci and pneumocystis pneumonia?

Questions: Streptococcus pyogenes

1. What other tissue(s) might harbor Streptococcus pyogenes?

2. Distinguish between alpha and beta hemolysis.

3. Describe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

4. What is the most common treatment for Streptococcus progenies infections?

5. how is rheumatic fever related to Streptococcus progenies infections?

6. What respiratory disease can be caused by Streptococcus progenies in rare cases?

7. How common is heart disease due to rheumatic fever?

Lab - Human Disease by Organ System: Urinary and Reproductive

Questions: Urinary Tract Infections

1. What anatomical differences exist between male and female urinary tracts that may result in the higher incidence of UTIs in females?

2. Why are bacteria that normally reside in the lower GI tract the primary cause of UTIs?

3. What are UTIs seen more in males over 50 that younger males?

4. How might anatomical abnormalities lead to an increase in UTIs?

5. How do frequent urinary catheterizations increase the risk of UTIs?

6. Does it make sense that recurring UTIs would be a reinfection of the original bacteria? Explain your answer.

7. Define pyuria.

8. How does the lining of the ureters and urinary bladder contribute to upper urinary tract infections?

Questions: Gonorrhea

1. What other areas of the body would you expect N. gonorrhoeae to infect?

2. Would you expect to find viable N gonorrhoeae of fomites? Why or why not?

3. Why would an increase in oral contraceptives lead to an epidemic in gonorrhea cases?

4. What are some current treatments of gonorrrhea?

5. how might a newborn be affected if the mother is positive for gonorrhea?

6. If a woman is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), is a test for N. gonorrheoeae required, or should treatment for gonorrhea be started immediatley?

7. How does gonorrhea lead to permanent damage to the reproductive system?

8. How is gonorrhea diagnosed?

Questions: Vertically Transmitted Disease

1. How does toxoplasmosis fit into the category of vertically transmitted diseases?

2. What is the primary source of Toxoplasma gondii?

3. Define teratogens.

4. What types of infectious agents are teratogens?

5. What are some complications of chronic Chagas disease?

6. How is Chagas disease diagnosed?

7. Is Chagas disease a concern in the U.S.?