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Immune response cytokines include

       T and B cells.
       interferon and MHC.
       TNF and Interleukins.
       chemokines and tolerant B cells.
       regulatory T cells and growth factors.

Viruses, intracellular bacteria, and certain parasites are examples of _____.

       exogenous antigens
       cytokines
       endogenous antigens
       autoantigens
       MHCs

Dendritic cells are used for

       immunity.
       destroying pathogens by phagocytosis.
       nonspecific defense.
       A and C
       A, B, and C

When a cell related to immunity activates only in reaction to a specific pathogen, it is called _____

       inducibility
       clonality
       lymphocytes
       T lymphocytes
       None of the above

Larry, an avid outdoorsman and hunter, recently spent a week at a hunting lodge in Virginia where he had a great time pheasant hunting. Once he returned home, however, he got sick and went to see his doctor. He's had a fever with chills, headache, nausea, and diarrhea. His doctor did a CBC. It came back showing that Larry has low levels of leukocytes and platelets. He may have contracted _____ on his hunting trip.

       brucellosis
       tularemia
       Lyme disease
       ehrlichiosis
       Chagas' disease

Which of the following is the most important factor inStreptococcus pneumoniaevirulence?(

       The presence of a particular Lancefield antigen
       The production of pneumolysin
       The presence of a polysaccharide capsule
       The ability to lyse red blood cells
       Strain-specific teichoic acids in its cell wall

A microscopic examination of infected tissue allows us to determine _____ while a laboratory culture grown from a sample allows us _____.

       the mutation rate; to control mutations
       whether it is a fungal infection or not; to identify species of fungus
       the prions used; to determine treatment options
       A and B
       B and C

The primary source of sporotrichosis is _____.

       insect caches
       the chitin of insects
       colostrum
       soil or dirt
       the keratin of insects

What is the leading cause of heart-related deaths in Latin America?)

       A weakened heart due to Chagas' disease.
       A weakened heart due to sleeping sickness.
       Naegleria
       Balantidiasis
       None of the above 

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