1. Antibiotics are medicines that target bacterial infections in vertebrates. It is important that the antibiotics attack the bacterial cells and do not harm the vertebrate cells.

How can an antibiotic kill bacterial cells and not harm vertebrate cells; what part of the bacterial cell must antibiotics be targeting and why?

Identify two antibiotics that work differently and describe their modes of action (how they work).

2. As cells develop from a fertilized egg they become specialized to do a particular job. This specialization involves shape, structures and even the amount and number of different organelles. I would like for you to think about this specialization and adaptations of the organelles of some cells. Select two of the following specific cell types and describe any specializations and adaptations of the organelles and cellular structures. The cells that you will choose from are:

red blood cells,
skeletal muscle cells,
ciliated columnar (in the intestines),
outer layer of skin cell, simple squamous
nerve cell.

You will need to determine the following for each of the two cell types:

1. What properties these cells need in order to perform their functions
2. Specific organelles that are needed to perform these functions
3. Products the cell creates or eliminates.