HLT51612 DIPLOMA OF NURSING

HLTAP401B Confirm physical health status Question and answer-

Section A

1. Which term best describes the changes or alterations in normal body function that accompany a particular syndrome or disease?

2. Which term best describes the actions of a motor neuron and all skeletal cells that it stimulates?

3. Nerve endings terminate at the body's largest organ. What is the name of this organ?

4. Optimum blood pressure levels are required to maintain good oxygen flow to vital organs. What is the optimum level suggested according to Australian standards?

5. What are the 2(two) primary systems responsible for the communication within the body to maintain homeostasis?

Section B - Provide a description for each of terms listed

6. A. Stomach:

B. Mouth

C. The Colon:

D. Caecum:

E. Duodenum:

F. Ileum:

Section C- Fill in the blanks

7. Fill in the blanks using the given words appropriately to differentiate between arteries and veins. (less, lower, oxygenated, narrow, from, wide, more, de-oxygenated, towards, higher)

8. Define the term ‘Gross Anatomy'.

9. Which substance play's a major role in the conduction of electrical impulses in the body?

10. Fill in the blanks using the given words appropriately (acetylcholine, synaptic cleft, action potential, nerve impulse, sodium, motor unit, axonal terminals)

a) A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a __________.

b) The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called __________.

c) The actual gap between a muscle cell and an axonal ending is called a __________.

d) The major neurotransmitter that is required is called __________.

e) When the __________ reaches the end of the axon, the neurotransmitter is released and it diffuses to the muscle cell membrane to combine with receptors here.

f) Binding of the neurotransmitter with the muscle cell receptors causes the membrane to be more permeable to __________ ions which causes an __________ to sweep along the sarcolemma of the cell.

11. Complete the following sentences by adding the correct word from the list below.

(Epithelium , Sacral , Lateral, Connective tissue, Selective permeability, Cephalic, Intracellular, Superior, Proximal, Osmosis, Diffusion, Enzymes, Lipids, Distal, Amino-acids, Carbohydrates, Atoms, Medial, Syndrome, Acute, Tarsal, Chronic, Cervical, Inferior, Adipose tissue)

Which term best describes the following statements?

a) A disease with sudden onset often requiring urgent treatment is known as an __________ disease.

b) A long-standing disorder which cannot usually be cured is known as __________ disorder.

c) A collection of signs and symptoms which tend to occur together is termed as __________.

d) __________ are mainly empty space, with a tiny central nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by clouds of tiny orbiting electrons.

e) __________ are composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

f) __________ are used as the principal building blocks of protein.

g) __________ are a diverse group of substances whose common property is an inability to mix with water.

h) __________ are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions - that is, they speed the reaction up but are not themselves changed by it, and therefore can be used over and over again.

i) __________ refers to the movement of a chemical substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and occurs mainly in gases, liquids and solutions.

j) __________ refers specifically to diffusion of water down its concentration gradient from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until it is evenly spread.

k) This group of tissues is found covering the body and lining cavities, hollow organs and tubes. It is also found in glands.

l) __________ refers to the fluid in the cell itself.

m) __________ is the most abundant tissue in the body.

n) __________ consists of fat cells (adipocytes), containing large fat globules, in a matrix of areolar tissue, there are two types: white and brown.

o) __________ refers to head.

p) __________ refers to neck.

q) __________ refers to ankle.

r) __________ refers to between the hips.

s) __________ refers to the middle.

t) __________ refers to the side of.

u) __________ refers to away from.

v) __________ refers to close to.

w) __________ refers to above.

x) __________ refers to below.

Section D - Define the following terms

12. a) Homeostasis

b) Superficial

c) Axial section

d) Osmosis

e) Nephron

Section E - Short Answer questions

13. What is the condition pneumonia? Explain this in detail indicating what happens to the body that causes the signs and symptoms.

14. Obesity is known to have significant adverse effects on the body. List and explain 3 (three) effects and what your strategy would be to assist your patient to address these issues.

15. List and explain 5 (five) examples of information regarding the health status of a resident/patient through observation and questioning? E.g. Allergies

16. List and explain 3 (three) factors which influence the assessing of blood pressure of a patient?

17. A. What is the significance of assessing the physical health status of a person before the commencement of any treatment? What is the role of the Enrolled Nurse in conducting a physical examination?

B. What are the 3 (three) key components used when conducting a physical examination. E.g. Inspection (looking at the body)

18. Identify and describe 2 (two) separate circumstances in which you may have to work in collaboration with other team members/ health professionals. E.g. 1) Referral services 2) In operation theatre.

19. State 4 (four) possible reasons for respiratory rate being 23 or more.

Section F - Label the diagrams using the given words correctly

20. A. (sacrum, thoracic vertebrae, skull, lumbar vertebrae, cervical vertebrae, coccyx)

B. (urethra, kidney, ureter, bladder)

Section G - Briefly answer the following questions (Not more than 250 words. Minimum 130 words)

21. The immune system is a network of cells that are wholly responsible for maintaining your body's immunity and overall health. (Discuss this statement below).

22. What are the basic principles of a healthy diet?

23. Describe the following:

• Processes of metabolism

• Nutrition

• Body temperature regulation

• Biological maturation

• Inheritance and ageing

24. Explain the internal and external factors necessary to maintain overall health of a human being.