1)
A) Fossils with .9965 (Ur:Pb) in Africa
-smaller brains (380-430 cm3)
-medium molars
- location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters), position a.
-weak bipedalism (first foot prints)
-special adaptations for tree-climbing: flat, wide rib cage, a stiff lower spine, flexible
wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along back
-skeleton adapted to living in trees
-larynx repositions for vocalization in first 2 years of life
B) Fossils with .9902 (Ur:Pb) in Africa
-have very small brains (<300 cm3)
-special adaptations for tree-climbing: flat, wide rib cage, a stiff lower spine, flexible
wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along back
-large molars
-Location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters), position a.
-not bipedal
-adapted for living in trees
C) Fossils with .9975 (Ur:Pb) in Africa
-medium brains (500-600 cm3)
-smaller molars
- location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters), position b.
-primitive stone and bone tools
-skeleton adapted to living in trees, but is bipedal
-special adaptations for tree-climbing: flat, wide rib cage, a stiff lower spine, flexible
wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along back
-larynx repositions for vocalization in first 2 years of life
D) Fossils with .9931 (Ur:Pb) in Africa
-have very small brains (<300 cm3)
-larynx repositions for vocalization in first 2 years of life
-Large molars
-Location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters), position a.
-not bipedal
-adapted for living in trees
-special adaptations for tree-climbing: flat, wide rib cage, a stiff lower spine, flexible
wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along back
E) Fossil with .9983 (Ur:Pb) in Africa
- larger brains (800-1000 cm3)
-made more elaborate stone tools;
- locking knees
- location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters), position c.
-may have used fire to cook their meat
-much smaller molars
-skeleton adapted to living on land, walks very well
-special adaptations for tree-climbing: flat, wide rib cage, a stiff lower spine, flexible
wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along back
-larynx repositions for vocalization in first 2 years of life
F) Fossil with .9998 (Ur:Pb) in Africa
- larger brains (1500-1700 cm3)
-made all kinds of things, houses, aircraft, guns;
- locking knees
- location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters), position c.
-may have used fire to cook their meat
-extremely small molars
-skeleton adapted to living on land, walks very well
-special adaptations for tree-climbing: flat, wide rib cage, a stiff lower spine, flexible
wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along back
-larynx repositions for vocalization in first 2 years of life
G) Fossil with .9994 (Ur:Pb) in Africa
- larger brains (1300-1400 cm3)
-made more elaborate stone tools;
- locking knees
- location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters), position c.
-may have used fire to cook their meat
-much smaller molars
-skeleton adapted to living on land, walks very well
-special adaptations for tree-climbing: flat, wide rib cage, a stiff lower spine, flexible
wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along back
-larynx repositions for vocalization in first 2 years of life
2)
O)
-body of many segments (10-100)
-shell like surfaces structure present or absent in burrowing forms
-mouth, simple for chewing with pharynx to complex for sucking blood
-complete gut digestive plan
-multiple gills to gills lost in terrestrial forms
-primitive appendages on each segment called parapodia
A)
-body of 8 segments
-shell of 8 parts
-mouth, a radula for grinding food
-complete straight gut digestive plan
-multiple gills
-mantle
-no appendages on each segment
B)
-body lacks segmentation
-mouth with radula for grinding food
-shell of two parts
-straight gut digestive plan
-2 gills
-mantle
-no appendages on each segment
C)
-body lacks segmentation
-mouth with radula for grinding food
-shell of one part, modified into a snow cone-like structure
-straight gut digestive plan
-2 gills
-mantle
-no appendages on each segment
D)
-body lacks segmentation
-mouth with specialized beak-like radula for grabbing pray
-shell strong or absent to just a vestige
-foot divided into 8 arms
-straight gut digestive plan
-2 gills
-mantle
-no appendages on each segment
E)
-body lacks segmentation
-mouth with specialized beak-like radula for grabbing pray
-shell present and internal, reduced to pen
- foot modified into: 8 arms and 2 tentacles
-straight gut digestive plan
-mantle
-no appendages on each segment
F)
-body lacks segmentation
-mouth with radula usually for grinding
-coiled shell usually present
-1 foot
-1 gill
-torted digestive plan with some individuals with straight-gut
-mantle
-no appendages on each segment
3)
O)
-body of many segments (10-100)
-shell like surfaces structure present or absent in burrowing forms
-mouth, simple for chewing with pharynx to complex for sucking blood
-complete gut digestive plan
-multiple gills to gills lost in terrestrial forms
-primitive appendages on each segment called parapodia
a)
-body divided into cephalothorax and abdomen (basically 2 segments)
-specialized front appendages called chelicerae
-lack antennae
-lack mandibles
-no parapodia, 8 legs
-have a telson, but no uropods
-doesn't make web
-book gills
b)
-body divided into cephalothorax and abdomen (basically 2 segments)
-specialized front appendages called chelicerae
-lack antennae
-lack mandibles
-no parapodia, 8 legs
-no telson
-makes web
-have booklungs
c)
-body divided into many segments
-no chelicerae
-have 1 pr. antennae
-have mandibles modified into fangs
-many legs (over 10 pairs)
-1 pair of legs per segment
-no telson
-doesn't make a web
-has trachea
d)
-body divided into many segments
-no chelicerae
-have 1 pr. antennae
-have mandibles
-many legs (over 10 pairs)
-2 pairs of legs per segment
-no telson
-doesn't make a web
-has trachea
e)
-body divided into many segments (most primitive species)
-no chelicerae
-have 2 pr. antennae
-have mandibles
-many legs (over 10 pairs in most primitive species)
-have telson and uropods
-doesn't make a web
-has gills
f)
-body divided into three regions
-no chelicerae
-have 1 pr. antennae
-have mandibles
-6 legs
-no telson and uropods
-doesn't make a web
-has trachea and spiracles