1. Reflexes associated with Golgi tendon organs prevent skeletal muscles from
a. stretching too far
b. contracting with too much force
c. accumulating too much lactic acid
d. exercising too long
2. Why do plasma glucose concentrations start to decline after prolonged endurance exercise?
a. Glucagon release decreases.
b. Insulin release increases.
c. Cortisol release decreases.
d. Glycogen stores are depleted.
3. During a graded aerobic exercise,
a. SBP gradually increases while DBP remains same or slightly decreases.
b. SBP remains same or slightly decreases while DBP gradually increases.
4. Factor(s) affecting blood pressure is (are)
a. HR.
b. SV.
c. Q.
d. TPR.
e. All of above.
5. Where does water portion of sweat come from?
a. Inside of muscle cells.
b. Urine.
c. Plasma.
6. End-diastolic volume (EDV) - end-systolic volume (ESV) =
a. cardiac output (CO).
b. mean arterial pressure (MAP).
c. stroke volume (SV).
d. ejection fraction (EF).
7. The major factor affecting blood flow is
a. viscosity of blood.
b. length of vessel.
c. radius of vessel.
d. shear stress of vessel.
8. Accumulation of metabolic by-products in muscle (H+, CO2, heat) leads to
a. vasoconstriction.
b. vasodilation.
c. sympathetic activation.
d. reduced muscle blood flow.
9. During a grated exercise until the point of ventilator threshold (VT) occurring,
a. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases proportionally to exercise intensity increase.
b. pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionally to exercise intensity increase.
10. Immediately stopping a steady-state submaximal exercise, VE steeply decreases. This decrease is due to
a. decrease in PCO2, H+, and the core temperature (metabolic effect).
b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from active muscle.
11. During the recovery period after a steady-state submaximal exercise, VE gradually decrease because
a. decrease in PCO2, H+, and the core temperature (metabolic effect).
b. decrease in neural input from CNS and feedback from active muscle.
12. Valsalva maneuver is dangerous because
a. sore abdominal muscles.
b. a drop in blood pressure if Valsalva maneuver is continued.
c. a dangerous rise in blood pressure immediately after starting Valsalva maneuver.
d. b and c are correct.
e. All of above are correct.
13. The point at which pulmonary ventilation (VE) increases disproportionately with oxygen consumption (VO2) during graded exercise is called
a. ventilatory threshold (VT).
b. lactate threshold (LT).
c. anaerobic threshold (AT).
14. Which condition during exercise induces the right shift of hemoglobin's oxygen-binding affinity curve (Bohr effect)?
a. ADP accumulation
b. lower pH
c. mechanical compression of muscle capillaries
d. local hypoxia (low O2)
15. How is blood pressure response during submaximal exercise different between arms and legs?
a. Arms have a higher.
b. Legs have a higher.
c. They are the same
d. They can't be compared
16. Which of the following does not increase the heart's stroke volume?
a. Enhanced cardiac filling and ejection
b. Neurohormonal influence
c. Training adaptations that expand blood volume
d. Training adaptations that increase resistance to blood flow
17. Which of the following will decrease stroke volume (SV)?
a. increased preload
b. increased contractility
c. increased Calcium (Ca2+) concentrations
d. increased afterload
18. For two athletes with same VO2max, An athlete who has _____ lactate threshold predicts better performance.
a. higher
b. lower
c. It doesn't matter.
19. A sign of enhanced submaximal endurance capacity is
a. increased maximal heart rate
b. decreased submaximal cardiac output
c. increased submaximal blood pressure
d. decreased submaximal heart rate
20. The change in cardiac output in response to aerobic training is
a. resting cardiac output increases
b. submaximal cardiac output decreases
c. maximal cardiac output increases
d. maximal cardiac output stays the same