problem 1: describe the construction, theory and working of the thermocouples. describe the various types of compensations used and as well the methods of measurements of their output voltage.

problem 2: Give an overview of the inductive transducers describing their principle of operation such as variation of number of terms, geometric configuration and permeability.

problem 3: Describe the construction and principle of the working of a linear voltage differential transformer (LVDT). Describe how the magnitude and direction of the displacement of core of an LVDT detected? Why is the frequency of excitation of primary winding kept much high as compared to the frequency of the signal being detected?

problem 4: Describe the various principles of the working of capacitive transducers.

problem 5: describe the properties of materials employed for piezo-electric transducers. Deduce the expressions for voltage and charge sensitivities.

problem 6: describe the various modes of operation of piezo-electric transducers. Describe the applications of the piezo-electric transducers.

problem 7: Draw the equivalent circuit of piezo-electric transducers. Deduce the expression for magnitude of voltage across the load by making simplifying suppositions. Prove that for medium and high frequencies, the magnitude of the voltage across the load is independent of frequencies.

problem 8: Deduce the expressions for frequency response characteristics of the piezo-electric transducers.